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<p>This study examined whether oral administration of individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) alters Treg- and Th17-related immune parameters during the peri-implantation period in pregnant mice. Using a mouse model, the effects of SCFAs (sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, and sodium acetate) on Treg and Th17 cell distribution were analyzed using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that sodium propionate significantly increased Treg cells in the uterine draining lymph nodes (dLNs), and sodium acetate decreased Th17 cells in the blood and increased the Foxp3+/RORγt+ ratio. Propionate increased the frequency of Helios+ Treg cells in the dLNs. Interestingly, the administration of SCFA mixtures did not result in a significant difference in the overall frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in the dLNs and blood compared to the control groups. SCFA administration did not significantly affect the mRNA expression of Foxp3 in the uterus during early pregnancy. Oral propionate and acetate were associated with changes in Treg/Th17-related parameters in uterine draining lymph nodes and peripheral blood during the peri-implantation period, whereas an SCFA mixture showed no clear effect on overall Treg/Th17 frequencies and uterine Foxp3 mRNA at 3.5 dpc was unchanged. These findings provide proof-of-principle that specific SCFA can modulate peri-implantation immune parameters; further studies are required to determine their relevance to maternal immune tolerance and pregnancy outcomes in clinically relevant models.</p>

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids May Promote Regulatory T Cell Induction to Enhance Maternal Immune Tolerance in Early Pregnancy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Kyoko Takahashi,
  • Jun Kawagoe,
  • Isao Takehara,
  • Jun Matsukawa,
  • Yuji Takeda,
  • Tsuyoshi Ohta,
  • Hironobu Asao,
  • Satoru Nagase

摘要

This study examined whether oral administration of individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) alters Treg- and Th17-related immune parameters during the peri-implantation period in pregnant mice. Using a mouse model, the effects of SCFAs (sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, and sodium acetate) on Treg and Th17 cell distribution were analyzed using flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that sodium propionate significantly increased Treg cells in the uterine draining lymph nodes (dLNs), and sodium acetate decreased Th17 cells in the blood and increased the Foxp3+/RORγt+ ratio. Propionate increased the frequency of Helios+ Treg cells in the dLNs. Interestingly, the administration of SCFA mixtures did not result in a significant difference in the overall frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in the dLNs and blood compared to the control groups. SCFA administration did not significantly affect the mRNA expression of Foxp3 in the uterus during early pregnancy. Oral propionate and acetate were associated with changes in Treg/Th17-related parameters in uterine draining lymph nodes and peripheral blood during the peri-implantation period, whereas an SCFA mixture showed no clear effect on overall Treg/Th17 frequencies and uterine Foxp3 mRNA at 3.5 dpc was unchanged. These findings provide proof-of-principle that specific SCFA can modulate peri-implantation immune parameters; further studies are required to determine their relevance to maternal immune tolerance and pregnancy outcomes in clinically relevant models.