<p>A systematic chemical investigation of the deep-sea-derived fungus <i>Penicillium limosum</i> ZEN48 resulted in the isolation of four new indole-diketopiperazine alkaloids, limopiperazines A–D (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>), alongside 16 known analogues (<b>5</b>–<b>20</b>). The structures of the new compounds were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, X-ray crystallography, and biogenetic considerations. Limopiperazine C (<b>3</b>) potently inhibited osteoclast differentiation and disrupted actin ring formation. Integrated RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and molecular docking revealed that limopiperazine C exerts the anti-osteoclastogenic effect by modulating the ferroptosis signaling pathway via targeting heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1), positioning it as a promising lead compound for developing anti-osteoporotic agents.</p>

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Novel prenylated diketopiperazines with anti-osteoclastogenic activity from the deep-sea-derived Penicillium limosum ZEN48

  • Yong Zhang,
  • Yan-Qing Guo,
  • You Li,
  • Zheng-Biao Zou,
  • Zhe-Wen Chen,
  • Rong Zhao,
  • Robert J. Capon,
  • Tai-Zong Wu,
  • Chun-Lan Xie,
  • Xian-Wen Yang

摘要

A systematic chemical investigation of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium limosum ZEN48 resulted in the isolation of four new indole-diketopiperazine alkaloids, limopiperazines A–D (14), alongside 16 known analogues (520). The structures of the new compounds were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, X-ray crystallography, and biogenetic considerations. Limopiperazine C (3) potently inhibited osteoclast differentiation and disrupted actin ring formation. Integrated RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and molecular docking revealed that limopiperazine C exerts the anti-osteoclastogenic effect by modulating the ferroptosis signaling pathway via targeting heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1), positioning it as a promising lead compound for developing anti-osteoporotic agents.