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<p>Industrial development and urban expansion generate substantial waste, and inadequate waste management leads to environmental degradation and elevated levels of trace metals in soils. This study investigates topsoil contamination at the Gafsa dumpsite in Southwest Tunisia, with samples collected from 16 locations. The analysis focused on trace metals associated with raw phosphate materials, including chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu). Using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation and pollution indices, the findings revealed that Cr exhibited the lowest contamination levels. In contrast, Cu and Zn showed significant anthropogenic enrichment, with contamination factor (CF) values ranging from 0.74 to 0.76 for Cu and 3.88 to 4.42 for Zn. Moderate contamination was observed for Ni and Cd, reflected in CF values of 0.82 and 0.96, respectively. The contamination levels followed the order: Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Ni &gt; Cd &gt; Cr. Spatial analysis indicated that the Contamination Degree (CD) was lower in the western areas of the dumpsite but notably higher in the eastern zones, predominantly for Zn and Cu. Ni and Cd exceeded recommended threshold levels, indicating they are the primary pollutants in the area. The leachate pollution index (LPI) was also elevated, approaching 25. The distribution of trace metals appears to be heavily influenced by soil characteristics and anthropogenic activities, particularly phosphate mining prevalent in this region.</p>

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Metallic pollution assessment in urban topsoil using inverse distance weighting and pollution indices: a case study of a mining City, Southwest Tunisia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Feyda Srarfi,
  • Amor Ben Garali,
  • Mohamed Salah Hamdi,
  • Abdelkader Mhamdi

摘要

Industrial development and urban expansion generate substantial waste, and inadequate waste management leads to environmental degradation and elevated levels of trace metals in soils. This study investigates topsoil contamination at the Gafsa dumpsite in Southwest Tunisia, with samples collected from 16 locations. The analysis focused on trace metals associated with raw phosphate materials, including chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu). Using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation and pollution indices, the findings revealed that Cr exhibited the lowest contamination levels. In contrast, Cu and Zn showed significant anthropogenic enrichment, with contamination factor (CF) values ranging from 0.74 to 0.76 for Cu and 3.88 to 4.42 for Zn. Moderate contamination was observed for Ni and Cd, reflected in CF values of 0.82 and 0.96, respectively. The contamination levels followed the order: Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd > Cr. Spatial analysis indicated that the Contamination Degree (CD) was lower in the western areas of the dumpsite but notably higher in the eastern zones, predominantly for Zn and Cu. Ni and Cd exceeded recommended threshold levels, indicating they are the primary pollutants in the area. The leachate pollution index (LPI) was also elevated, approaching 25. The distribution of trace metals appears to be heavily influenced by soil characteristics and anthropogenic activities, particularly phosphate mining prevalent in this region.