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<p>Accurate lithological mapping is essential for understanding the geological evolution of the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS), one of the world’s most extensive Neoproterozoic terranes and a key component of the broader Mediterranean tectonic framework. This study aims to produce a high-resolution geological map of the Gabel Lawi terrain, which represents a segment of the Wadi Ghadir ophiolitic Mélange in the South Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt. Multispectral satellite data from Landsat-9 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) sensors were integrated with detailed field investigations to achieve accurate lithological discrimination within this structurally complex region. Image processing techniques, including Band Ratio (BR), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and supervised classifications, were applied to delineate and classify diverse lithological units. The results successfully distinguished serpentinite-talc-carbonate, metagabbro, sheeted dykes, pillow lavas, metasediments, metavolcanic and pyroclastic rocks, intrusive gabbros and various granitic intrusions. Validation using 78 field rock samples confirmed the high accuracy of the remote sensing interpretations. The integration of satellite spectral data with field observations significantly enhanced the spatial resolution and geological accuracy of the produced lithological map at a 1:25,000 scale. This study not only refines the geological understanding of the Wadi Ghadir ophiolitic rocks but also contributes to the regional geodynamic interpretation of the southeastern extension of the Mediterranean domain, while providing a reproducible workflow for high-resolution lithological mapping and mineral exploration across different sectors of the ANS.</p>

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Mapping Gabel Lawi ophiolitic mélange and associated rocks in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Moamen M. Badr,
  • Ahmed M. El Mezayen,
  • Ashraf El Azab,
  • Mahmoud H. Elyaseer

摘要

Accurate lithological mapping is essential for understanding the geological evolution of the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS), one of the world’s most extensive Neoproterozoic terranes and a key component of the broader Mediterranean tectonic framework. This study aims to produce a high-resolution geological map of the Gabel Lawi terrain, which represents a segment of the Wadi Ghadir ophiolitic Mélange in the South Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt. Multispectral satellite data from Landsat-9 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) sensors were integrated with detailed field investigations to achieve accurate lithological discrimination within this structurally complex region. Image processing techniques, including Band Ratio (BR), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and supervised classifications, were applied to delineate and classify diverse lithological units. The results successfully distinguished serpentinite-talc-carbonate, metagabbro, sheeted dykes, pillow lavas, metasediments, metavolcanic and pyroclastic rocks, intrusive gabbros and various granitic intrusions. Validation using 78 field rock samples confirmed the high accuracy of the remote sensing interpretations. The integration of satellite spectral data with field observations significantly enhanced the spatial resolution and geological accuracy of the produced lithological map at a 1:25,000 scale. This study not only refines the geological understanding of the Wadi Ghadir ophiolitic rocks but also contributes to the regional geodynamic interpretation of the southeastern extension of the Mediterranean domain, while providing a reproducible workflow for high-resolution lithological mapping and mineral exploration across different sectors of the ANS.