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<p>Smarter agricultural production happens through monitoring the soil, crops, and environment. The embedded system known as the Farming Green Monitoring Embedded System (FGMES) is developed in this paper equipped with the capability for sensing, automated irrigation, fertigation, and microclimate control in real time with the help of IoT technology. The hardware architecture utilizes micro controllers such as Arduino, ESP32 or STM32, soil moisture, temperature, ph, NPK, CO2, light intensity sensors and smart actuators providing irrigation, nutrients, ventilation, and artificial lighting requiring low power consumption. The information is processed onsite and uploaded to cloud locations using MQTT or HTTP for analytics and decision support. Lab tests of the sensing technology are presented in this paper. The experimental results show that the sensing accuracy is over 97% and the deviations are within 3% of the laboratory reference values. A smart irrigation system managed to reduce the consumption of water from 42&#xa0;L/day (manual) to only 24&#xa0;L/day, thus achieving savings of 42.8%. The soil moisture of the cropland was stabilized to ± 4% from ± 11%. Due to the automated control for environmental optimization, CO₂ levels reduced from 447 ppm to 406 ppm, temperature fluctuation reduced from 4.1&#xa0;°C to 1.6&#xa0;°C, and light uniformity increased from 0.62 to 0.84. The proposed framework further incorporates adaptive sampling, energy-aware edge intelligence, and closed-loop environmental stabilization for sustainable precision agriculture.</p>

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Design and Implementation of FGMES A Solar Powered Embedded IoT System for Smart Irrigation and Microclimate Control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • S. Vijiyakumar,
  • S. S. Sivaraju,
  • Jebarani Evangeline Stephen,
  • T. Kalavathi Devi,
  • P. Meenakshi Sundaram,
  • Smita Rath,
  • A. Nazreen Banu

摘要

Smarter agricultural production happens through monitoring the soil, crops, and environment. The embedded system known as the Farming Green Monitoring Embedded System (FGMES) is developed in this paper equipped with the capability for sensing, automated irrigation, fertigation, and microclimate control in real time with the help of IoT technology. The hardware architecture utilizes micro controllers such as Arduino, ESP32 or STM32, soil moisture, temperature, ph, NPK, CO2, light intensity sensors and smart actuators providing irrigation, nutrients, ventilation, and artificial lighting requiring low power consumption. The information is processed onsite and uploaded to cloud locations using MQTT or HTTP for analytics and decision support. Lab tests of the sensing technology are presented in this paper. The experimental results show that the sensing accuracy is over 97% and the deviations are within 3% of the laboratory reference values. A smart irrigation system managed to reduce the consumption of water from 42 L/day (manual) to only 24 L/day, thus achieving savings of 42.8%. The soil moisture of the cropland was stabilized to ± 4% from ± 11%. Due to the automated control for environmental optimization, CO₂ levels reduced from 447 ppm to 406 ppm, temperature fluctuation reduced from 4.1 °C to 1.6 °C, and light uniformity increased from 0.62 to 0.84. The proposed framework further incorporates adaptive sampling, energy-aware edge intelligence, and closed-loop environmental stabilization for sustainable precision agriculture.