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<p>Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), an essential component of the Internet of Things (IoT), are widely applied in intelligent transportation, cyber security, and safety-critical communication systems. However, VANETs face significant challenges such as resource constraints, high mobility, and the presence of malicious or rogue nodes that can compromise network integrity. Traditional centralized security mechanisms are insufficient to handle these dynamic threats, leading to vulnerabilities in authentication, data transmission, and storage. To address these issues, this research proposes a blockchain-enabled secure architecture for VANETs incorporating Base Stations (BSs), Cluster Heads (CHs), and Sensor Nodes (SNs). SNs collect data and forward it through CHs to BSs. SNs and CHs are authenticated using a blockchain framework based on Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), ensuring decentralized trust and tamper-resistant identity management. The system utilizes the VANET-Malicious Node dataset from Kaggle for evaluation, followed by min-max normalization for data preprocessing. For threat detection, an ε-insensitive Two-Plane Support Vector Regression (ε-TSVR) model is implemented at the BS layer to classify malicious nodes. Normal node data is securely stored using the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), ensuring decentralized and tamper-resistant storage. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves improved performance with 91% accuracy, 92% precision, 94% recall, and 93% F1-score compared to baseline methods. Additionally, PBFT shows reduced transaction cost compared to VBFT (Verifiable Byzantine Fault Tolerance). In conclusion, the proposed framework provides a secure, scalable, and efficient solution for malicious node detection and secure communication in VANET environments.</p>

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A Blockchain-Enabled Framework for Threat Detection and Secure Communication in VANETs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • A. Alli,
  • Rakhi Jha,
  • Hitesh Singh,
  • S. R. Likhith,
  • Biswaranjan Swain

摘要

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), an essential component of the Internet of Things (IoT), are widely applied in intelligent transportation, cyber security, and safety-critical communication systems. However, VANETs face significant challenges such as resource constraints, high mobility, and the presence of malicious or rogue nodes that can compromise network integrity. Traditional centralized security mechanisms are insufficient to handle these dynamic threats, leading to vulnerabilities in authentication, data transmission, and storage. To address these issues, this research proposes a blockchain-enabled secure architecture for VANETs incorporating Base Stations (BSs), Cluster Heads (CHs), and Sensor Nodes (SNs). SNs collect data and forward it through CHs to BSs. SNs and CHs are authenticated using a blockchain framework based on Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), ensuring decentralized trust and tamper-resistant identity management. The system utilizes the VANET-Malicious Node dataset from Kaggle for evaluation, followed by min-max normalization for data preprocessing. For threat detection, an ε-insensitive Two-Plane Support Vector Regression (ε-TSVR) model is implemented at the BS layer to classify malicious nodes. Normal node data is securely stored using the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), ensuring decentralized and tamper-resistant storage. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves improved performance with 91% accuracy, 92% precision, 94% recall, and 93% F1-score compared to baseline methods. Additionally, PBFT shows reduced transaction cost compared to VBFT (Verifiable Byzantine Fault Tolerance). In conclusion, the proposed framework provides a secure, scalable, and efficient solution for malicious node detection and secure communication in VANET environments.