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<p>Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are novel intelligent systems that connect the real and virtual worlds by combining communication, control, and computing technologies. Although CPSs are extensively utilised in numerous highly sensitive domains, they are susceptible to malicious code attacks and virus infections, which can impair their functionality and result in security problems. A deterministic non-linear model <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(SEI^{'}I^{''}PS\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for virus and patch propagation in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is formulated and its dynamics are investigated. The stability analysis of four equilibrium points, two virus-free and two viral, is computed under two reproduction numbers for infection, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_{0}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and for patching <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_{p}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The results of the numerical simulation suggested some protective measures for the eradication and control of virus spread in the CPSs, even though virus spreading is increasing in the network.</p>

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Dynamics of Virus-Patch Dissemination in Cyber-Physical Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • K. Sunil Behal,
  • Sunita Gakkhar,
  • Tanuja Srivastava

摘要

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are novel intelligent systems that connect the real and virtual worlds by combining communication, control, and computing technologies. Although CPSs are extensively utilised in numerous highly sensitive domains, they are susceptible to malicious code attacks and virus infections, which can impair their functionality and result in security problems. A deterministic non-linear model \(SEI^{'}I^{''}PS\) for virus and patch propagation in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is formulated and its dynamics are investigated. The stability analysis of four equilibrium points, two virus-free and two viral, is computed under two reproduction numbers for infection, \(R_{0}\) , and for patching \(R_{p}\) . The results of the numerical simulation suggested some protective measures for the eradication and control of virus spread in the CPSs, even though virus spreading is increasing in the network.