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<p>The growing number of multimedia sensors, physical objects, and multimedia traffic has given rise to the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT). The multimedia sensors used in this system allow the retrieval and communication of multimedia data content, but they are used on a limited scale. IoMT can use the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) devices for sensing the environmental conditions. Multimedia applications require more bandwidth, energy, and high levels of Quality of Service (QoS), which imposes new challenges in the design of routing algorithms and protocols for such networks. This study offers a comprehensive survey of routing protocols in IoMT and WMSN. Thus, this paper provides a detailed review of the research surveys for the last ten years, presenting for each IoMT and WMSN the different methods used and the routing algorithms for the transmission of multimedia data. We classify routing protocols into categories based on the literature such as energy-aware, QoS-aware, and multicast for routing in IoMT and QoS-based, multimedia data type, and cluster-based for routing in WMSN. All the proposed protocols are compared in terms of various metrics detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, we present some challenges and open issues in relation to the protocols already studied.</p>

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A Comprehensive Survey on IoMT Routing Protocols Leveraging Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Challenges, and Future Directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Chaima Bejaoui,
  • Nasreddine Hajlaoui,
  • Fatma Achour

摘要

The growing number of multimedia sensors, physical objects, and multimedia traffic has given rise to the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT). The multimedia sensors used in this system allow the retrieval and communication of multimedia data content, but they are used on a limited scale. IoMT can use the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) devices for sensing the environmental conditions. Multimedia applications require more bandwidth, energy, and high levels of Quality of Service (QoS), which imposes new challenges in the design of routing algorithms and protocols for such networks. This study offers a comprehensive survey of routing protocols in IoMT and WMSN. Thus, this paper provides a detailed review of the research surveys for the last ten years, presenting for each IoMT and WMSN the different methods used and the routing algorithms for the transmission of multimedia data. We classify routing protocols into categories based on the literature such as energy-aware, QoS-aware, and multicast for routing in IoMT and QoS-based, multimedia data type, and cluster-based for routing in WMSN. All the proposed protocols are compared in terms of various metrics detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, we present some challenges and open issues in relation to the protocols already studied.