Self-Sovereign Identity-Based Inter-Country Goods Movement: A Conceptual Framework
摘要
Imports and exports are vital components of any nation’s economy. Each importer and exporter within a country is typically identified through a nationally assigned unique identifier. However, these identifiers are not standardized or recognized globally, leading to inconsistencies in international trade records. This challenge becomes even more pronounced for landlocked nations, whose import and export operations depend heavily on neighboring seafaring countries for access to global maritime trade routes. The lack of a globally interoperable identification system complicates the tracking, coordination, and verification of goods across borders, often resulting in delays, disputes, and inefficiencies in the supply chain. In such cases, a treaty is often signed between landlocked nations and their neighboring sea-linked countries to facilitate the transit of goods through ports and coastal routes. To engage in this process, importers and exporters from the landlocked country must register with the customs clearance system of the sea-sharing nation responsible for handling transit goods. However, this registration process is often time-consuming and susceptible to fraudulent activities, as illegitimate trade actors may register using forged documents. To overcome these challenges, we propose a Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI)-based framework for the secure registration and verification of importers and exporters involved in cross-border commodity movement. The proposed SSI-enabled system enhances trust, transparency, and efficiency by ensuring that every participant in the trade ecosystem possesses a verifiable digital identity recognized across jurisdictions. During the transshipment of export consignments from a landlocked country to a seafaring nation, an SSI issuer within the consignee country facilitates identity verification and credential issuance, thereby securing and streamlining inter-border trade operations. To implement, a prototype has been developed, and the execution time of the SSI issuer, holder, and verification has been analyzed. SSI implementation models and implementation challenges have also been discussed.