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Purpose <p>This study aimed to determine the effects of 24&#xa0;weeks of moderate- and high-intensity water aerobics on physical fitness, cardiovascular health, and well-being in adults and older adults.</p> Methods <p>Twenty women (67.10 ± 9.08&#xa0;years) were randomized into two groups, each performing water aerobics twice a week for 24&#xa0;weeks. One group performed at moderate intensity (MIG; <i>n</i> = 10), while the other group performed at high intensity (HIG; <i>n</i> = 10). Participants were evaluated before and after the program. Assessments included muscle endurance, explosive strength, body mass, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood pressure, resting heart rate, general quality of life (QoL), general health, and the physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains of QoL. </p> Results <p>Fat mass (<i>η</i><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.35; <i>P</i> = 0.006), fat-free mass (<i>η</i><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.30; <i>P</i> = 0.01), total cholesterol (<i>η</i><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.34; <i>P</i> = 0.007), and triglycerides (<i>η</i><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.24; <i>P</i> = 0.03) showed greater improvement with HIG than with MIG. Both exercise intensities improved upper muscular endurance, but only HIG increased lower limb muscular endurance and reduced diastolic BP. </p> Conclusion <p>High-intensity water aerobics appears to be more effective than moderate-intensity water aerobics in improving certain health markers, including body composition, lipid profile, diastolic BP, and lower strength endurance. Both intensities improved upper muscular endurance.</p> Trial Registration. <p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06529354. retrospectively registered on 15/07/2024.</p>

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Role of Exercise Intensity in Water Aerobics: Improving Health Markers in Adults and Older Adults—A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Luís B. Faíl,
  • Daniel A. Marinho,
  • Juliana M. Gonçalves,
  • Ana R. Alves,
  • Diogo L. Marques,
  • Mário C. Marques,
  • Henrique P. Neiva

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the effects of 24 weeks of moderate- and high-intensity water aerobics on physical fitness, cardiovascular health, and well-being in adults and older adults.

Methods

Twenty women (67.10 ± 9.08 years) were randomized into two groups, each performing water aerobics twice a week for 24 weeks. One group performed at moderate intensity (MIG; n = 10), while the other group performed at high intensity (HIG; n = 10). Participants were evaluated before and after the program. Assessments included muscle endurance, explosive strength, body mass, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood pressure, resting heart rate, general quality of life (QoL), general health, and the physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains of QoL.

Results

Fat mass (ηp2 = 0.35; P = 0.006), fat-free mass (ηp2 = 0.30; P = 0.01), total cholesterol (ηp2 = 0.34; P = 0.007), and triglycerides (ηp2 = 0.24; P = 0.03) showed greater improvement with HIG than with MIG. Both exercise intensities improved upper muscular endurance, but only HIG increased lower limb muscular endurance and reduced diastolic BP.

Conclusion

High-intensity water aerobics appears to be more effective than moderate-intensity water aerobics in improving certain health markers, including body composition, lipid profile, diastolic BP, and lower strength endurance. Both intensities improved upper muscular endurance.

Trial Registration.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06529354. retrospectively registered on 15/07/2024.