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<p>Drought-induced stress can have a substantial impact on growth of plants. The application of biochar, AMF and PGPR can enhance plant health under water deficit events. Numerous studies have extensively documented the individual impacts of AMF, biochar, and PGPR in various crop species when subjected to environmental stresses. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research on beneficial impact of AMF, PGPR, biochar alone, and their combined application in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). The objective of this work was to examine impact of biochar derived from <i>Miscanthus giganteus</i>, AMF (<i>Diversispora eburnea</i> BGC HK02C), drought-tolerant PGPR (<i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i>; CCTCCM2015089), and the combined use of biochar + PGPR + AMF on growth-related parameters, physiological attributes and biochemical characteristics of wheat plants subjected to two weeks of drought-induced stress. 18 pots were utilized throughout six different treatments. Each pot containing 4&#xa0;kg of soil consisted of A0: Control group (without biochar, AMF, and PGPR); A1: Drought group (without biochar, AMF, and PGPR); A2: alone PGPR addition (35 mL), A3: Alone biochar (2.5%), A4: (AMF alone), A5: (AMF+ PGPR + Biochar). The synergistic application of biochar, AMF and PGPR markedly mitigated the detrimental effects of dryness, resulting in increased shoot length (40.11%), dry biomass (70.3%), fresh biomass (57%), and seed germination (47.3%) compared to the control group. The AMF+ PGPR+ biochar amendment enhanced physiological parameters, including total chlorophyll (29.4%), chlorophyll a (30.3%), and chlorophyll b (37.4%) compared to the control group. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and WUE were seen to be greatly increased by 31.4%, 40.3%, 47.7%, and 63.6% after the combined addition of AMF + biochar + PGPR than control and drought conditions, as well as have positive imapcts on EL, MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels. Furthermore, combined effect of biochar, PGPR, and biochar greatly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) to reduce the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to the drought alone and control, biochar + PGPR + AMF treatment yielded of 83%, 41%, 49%, and 61% in physicochemical parameters (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and EC) of the soils. This study’s findings demonstrate that the incorporation of biochar, PGPR, AMF, and their combination application will improve soil fertility, productivity, and antioxidant defense mechanisms in wheat under drought-induced stress.</p>

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Synergistic role of biochar, AMF, and PGPR in enhancing drought tolerance and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Ghulam Murtaza,
  • Zeeshan Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Islem Abid,
  • Awais Ahmad,
  • Vusala Ismayilova,
  • Manal Abdulaziz Binobead,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Drought-induced stress can have a substantial impact on growth of plants. The application of biochar, AMF and PGPR can enhance plant health under water deficit events. Numerous studies have extensively documented the individual impacts of AMF, biochar, and PGPR in various crop species when subjected to environmental stresses. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research on beneficial impact of AMF, PGPR, biochar alone, and their combined application in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The objective of this work was to examine impact of biochar derived from Miscanthus giganteus, AMF (Diversispora eburnea BGC HK02C), drought-tolerant PGPR (Alcaligenes faecalis; CCTCCM2015089), and the combined use of biochar + PGPR + AMF on growth-related parameters, physiological attributes and biochemical characteristics of wheat plants subjected to two weeks of drought-induced stress. 18 pots were utilized throughout six different treatments. Each pot containing 4 kg of soil consisted of A0: Control group (without biochar, AMF, and PGPR); A1: Drought group (without biochar, AMF, and PGPR); A2: alone PGPR addition (35 mL), A3: Alone biochar (2.5%), A4: (AMF alone), A5: (AMF+ PGPR + Biochar). The synergistic application of biochar, AMF and PGPR markedly mitigated the detrimental effects of dryness, resulting in increased shoot length (40.11%), dry biomass (70.3%), fresh biomass (57%), and seed germination (47.3%) compared to the control group. The AMF+ PGPR+ biochar amendment enhanced physiological parameters, including total chlorophyll (29.4%), chlorophyll a (30.3%), and chlorophyll b (37.4%) compared to the control group. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and WUE were seen to be greatly increased by 31.4%, 40.3%, 47.7%, and 63.6% after the combined addition of AMF + biochar + PGPR than control and drought conditions, as well as have positive imapcts on EL, MDA and H2O2 levels. Furthermore, combined effect of biochar, PGPR, and biochar greatly (p < 0.05) increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) to reduce the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to the drought alone and control, biochar + PGPR + AMF treatment yielded of 83%, 41%, 49%, and 61% in physicochemical parameters (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and EC) of the soils. This study’s findings demonstrate that the incorporation of biochar, PGPR, AMF, and their combination application will improve soil fertility, productivity, and antioxidant defense mechanisms in wheat under drought-induced stress.