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<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is the most widely cultivated cereal crop globally, and genetic engineering has been extensively applied to enhance its diverse traits, representing a critical advancement in maize improvement. <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated plant transformation is a commonly used technique in plant genetic engineering. In this study, we employed two <i>in planta </i>methods ovary injection and floral dip. Our results indicated that ovary injection was not adequate for maize transformation. The floral dip method, which involves immersing corn silk into an Agrobacterium suspension, was investigated as a potential transformation technique. Corn silk lengths of 5–10 cm was used for this method, and two factors, including three optical densities of the Agrobacterium culture (OD600 = 0.5, 1, and 1.5) and three maize genotypes (BC 678, KSC 703, and Simon), were evaluated to optimize the protocol. A transgenic maize plant was successfully generated using the floral dip method with Agrobacterium containing the recombinant binary vector pGWB14, which harbors the JERF1 gene and the kanamycin resistance gene (NptII). Corn silk measuring 5–10 cm dipped in Agrobacterium suspension at OD600 = 1 for 60 s proved the most effective floral dip protocol for the BC 678 genotype, achieving a transformation efficiency of 17%. This optimized transformation method enhances maize gene transformation efficiency, contributing significantly to functional genomics research and molecular breeding in maize.</p>

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Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize: floral dip and ovary injection methods for efficient gene transfer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Elnaz Zamani,
  • Abbas Alemzadeh

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely cultivated cereal crop globally, and genetic engineering has been extensively applied to enhance its diverse traits, representing a critical advancement in maize improvement. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is a commonly used technique in plant genetic engineering. In this study, we employed two in planta methods ovary injection and floral dip. Our results indicated that ovary injection was not adequate for maize transformation. The floral dip method, which involves immersing corn silk into an Agrobacterium suspension, was investigated as a potential transformation technique. Corn silk lengths of 5–10 cm was used for this method, and two factors, including three optical densities of the Agrobacterium culture (OD600 = 0.5, 1, and 1.5) and three maize genotypes (BC 678, KSC 703, and Simon), were evaluated to optimize the protocol. A transgenic maize plant was successfully generated using the floral dip method with Agrobacterium containing the recombinant binary vector pGWB14, which harbors the JERF1 gene and the kanamycin resistance gene (NptII). Corn silk measuring 5–10 cm dipped in Agrobacterium suspension at OD600 = 1 for 60 s proved the most effective floral dip protocol for the BC 678 genotype, achieving a transformation efficiency of 17%. This optimized transformation method enhances maize gene transformation efficiency, contributing significantly to functional genomics research and molecular breeding in maize.