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<p>Enhancing maize productivity has been a primary focus of research over the past few decades. Sustaining soil health must be considered parallel to the yield in cereal crop improvement. In this study, a microbially synthesized Zinc oxide - graphene oxide (ZnO/GO NC) bionanocomposite was evaluated in field scale for its ability to improve growth, yield and soil biological activity in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). Twelve fertigation treatments comprising nanocomposites and individual nanoparticles were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with standard zinc (ZnSO<sub>4</sub>) and vermicompost treatments as comparisons. Crop growth quality parameters were assessed through germination, plant height, leaf development and phenological changes such as tasseling and silking. Yield components such as cob length, biomass accumulation, 100-grain weight, and yield were recorded to assess their impact on cereal productivity. Post-harvest soil assessment was focused on physicochemical attributes, macronutrients, micronutrients and biological indicators like dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Results indicated that 2000 ppm of ZnO/GO NC treatment (T8) produced taller plants (212.95&#xa0;cm at 110 DAS), more leaves (13.6 on 110 DAS), longer cobs (22&#xa0;cm), improved biomass (1.85&#xa0;kg) and 30.8% more yield compared to the basal fertigation control. Soil assessment revealed that T8 enhanced biological activity, with DHA value of 24.0&#xa0;µg TPF g<sup>− 1</sup> h<sup>− 1</sup> and MBC value of 240&#xa0;mg C kg<sup>-1</sup> compared to the baseline value of 12.0 and 160 respectively. Overall, the study demonstrates that 2000 ppm NC treatment is the optimal concentration for improving maize growth and yield traits while maintaining soil biological health.</p>

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Field evaluation of Zinc oxide - graphene oxide bio nanocomposite fertigation on maize growth, yield and soil fertility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Saranya Sivakumar,
  • Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai

摘要

Enhancing maize productivity has been a primary focus of research over the past few decades. Sustaining soil health must be considered parallel to the yield in cereal crop improvement. In this study, a microbially synthesized Zinc oxide - graphene oxide (ZnO/GO NC) bionanocomposite was evaluated in field scale for its ability to improve growth, yield and soil biological activity in maize (Zea mays L.). Twelve fertigation treatments comprising nanocomposites and individual nanoparticles were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with standard zinc (ZnSO4) and vermicompost treatments as comparisons. Crop growth quality parameters were assessed through germination, plant height, leaf development and phenological changes such as tasseling and silking. Yield components such as cob length, biomass accumulation, 100-grain weight, and yield were recorded to assess their impact on cereal productivity. Post-harvest soil assessment was focused on physicochemical attributes, macronutrients, micronutrients and biological indicators like dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Results indicated that 2000 ppm of ZnO/GO NC treatment (T8) produced taller plants (212.95 cm at 110 DAS), more leaves (13.6 on 110 DAS), longer cobs (22 cm), improved biomass (1.85 kg) and 30.8% more yield compared to the basal fertigation control. Soil assessment revealed that T8 enhanced biological activity, with DHA value of 24.0 µg TPF g− 1 h− 1 and MBC value of 240 mg C kg-1 compared to the baseline value of 12.0 and 160 respectively. Overall, the study demonstrates that 2000 ppm NC treatment is the optimal concentration for improving maize growth and yield traits while maintaining soil biological health.