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<p>Pearl millet [<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (L.) R. Br.] is a diploid, cross-pollinating and short-duration crop. It is the sixth leading crop after maize, sorghum, rice, wheat and staple food for more than 90 million poor farmers. It is adapted to survive under abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature and poor nutrient soil. Its productivity is limited by various challenges, including drought, salinity, heat, and low soil fertility, particularly a lack of nitrogen. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and stress tolerance is essential for maintaining pearl millet production as the climate changes. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) serve as a replacement for chemical fertilizers. They contribute to improved plant growth and resilience through multiple mechanisms like biological nitrogen fixation, producing phytohormones, solubilizing nutrients, releasing exopolysaccharides, and regulating antioxidant and stress-response pathways. In this review, we highlighted current research on how PGPR alleviate abiotic stress and improve nitrogen use efficiency in pearl millet with the key physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Although many studies demonstrated the potential of PGPR under controlled conditions, still there are significant research gaps persist. These include limited understanding of the specificity between PGPR and pearl millet host, inconsistence field outcomes, limited insights into how PGPR affects nitrogen uptake pathways and insufficient research on combined effects of multiple abiotic stresses in natural environments. Future studies should aim to develop robust stress-tolerant PGPR communities, alongside using advanced techniques to uncover the molecular processes that lead to PGPR-induced stress tolerance and improved NUE. Additionally, multi-location field trials are necessary to verify results and ensure they can be applied broadly. Combining PGPR strategies with improved nitrogen management practices will be vital for increasing pearl millet yields and fostering sustainable farming in challenging environments.</p>

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Abiotic stress and its management through plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen use efficiency in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Asha Kumari,
  • Shiv Shankar Shukla,
  • Sanjib Kumar Panda

摘要

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a diploid, cross-pollinating and short-duration crop. It is the sixth leading crop after maize, sorghum, rice, wheat and staple food for more than 90 million poor farmers. It is adapted to survive under abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature and poor nutrient soil. Its productivity is limited by various challenges, including drought, salinity, heat, and low soil fertility, particularly a lack of nitrogen. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and stress tolerance is essential for maintaining pearl millet production as the climate changes. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) serve as a replacement for chemical fertilizers. They contribute to improved plant growth and resilience through multiple mechanisms like biological nitrogen fixation, producing phytohormones, solubilizing nutrients, releasing exopolysaccharides, and regulating antioxidant and stress-response pathways. In this review, we highlighted current research on how PGPR alleviate abiotic stress and improve nitrogen use efficiency in pearl millet with the key physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Although many studies demonstrated the potential of PGPR under controlled conditions, still there are significant research gaps persist. These include limited understanding of the specificity between PGPR and pearl millet host, inconsistence field outcomes, limited insights into how PGPR affects nitrogen uptake pathways and insufficient research on combined effects of multiple abiotic stresses in natural environments. Future studies should aim to develop robust stress-tolerant PGPR communities, alongside using advanced techniques to uncover the molecular processes that lead to PGPR-induced stress tolerance and improved NUE. Additionally, multi-location field trials are necessary to verify results and ensure they can be applied broadly. Combining PGPR strategies with improved nitrogen management practices will be vital for increasing pearl millet yields and fostering sustainable farming in challenging environments.