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<p>Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients that play a vital role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. While there are two strategies for iron uptake from soil (reduction-based or chelation), zinc uptake doesn’t require reduction for transport. Maintaining homeostasis of these elements is challenging, as they have a narrow optimum range, both deficiency and excess can impair physiological functions, negatively impacting overall plant growth and yield. Plants achieve this balance through tightly regulated networks involving specific transporters, metal chelators (citrate, nicotianamine, mugienic acid, phytosiderophores and phytochelatins), and diverse metalloproteins that control uptake, transport and compartmentalization. This review synthesizes current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying iron and zinc homeostasis in plants. Engineering metal transporters and their regulatory genes offers significant potential to improve crop resilience and nutritional quality through biofortification. A deeper understanding of metal transporters’ function through integrated metabolomics, proteomics and genomics approaches will be essential for ensuring more efficient crop production.</p>

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Mechanistic insights on zinc and iron interplay driving plant growth and stress responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Shivangi Bishnoi,
  • Jayanti Tokas,
  • Manju Rani,
  • Preeti Sharma

摘要

Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients that play a vital role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. While there are two strategies for iron uptake from soil (reduction-based or chelation), zinc uptake doesn’t require reduction for transport. Maintaining homeostasis of these elements is challenging, as they have a narrow optimum range, both deficiency and excess can impair physiological functions, negatively impacting overall plant growth and yield. Plants achieve this balance through tightly regulated networks involving specific transporters, metal chelators (citrate, nicotianamine, mugienic acid, phytosiderophores and phytochelatins), and diverse metalloproteins that control uptake, transport and compartmentalization. This review synthesizes current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying iron and zinc homeostasis in plants. Engineering metal transporters and their regulatory genes offers significant potential to improve crop resilience and nutritional quality through biofortification. A deeper understanding of metal transporters’ function through integrated metabolomics, proteomics and genomics approaches will be essential for ensuring more efficient crop production.