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<p>In plants, cytosine methylation shows correlation with gene expression, and defensive mechanisms are fine-tuned by stress-induced hypo- and hypermethylation. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulates the expression of defense-related genes by promoting endonucleolytic cleavage or translational inhibition. The 3′ untraslated regions (3′UTR) controls miRNA binding through miRNA response elements. This interactions between seed regions impact the affinity of miRNA–mRNA binding influencing the ultimate fate of mRNA getting translated to a protein. We hypothesized that cytosine methylation at proximal 3’UTR in defense-related genes targeted by leaf rust-responsive miRNAs may affect its overall gene expression. In this study, we retrieved a potential regulatory gene allene oxide cyclase (<i>TaAOC</i>), an integral component of jasmonic acid biosynthesis from our previous study, where it was actively modulated by the expression profiles of leaf rust-responsive miRNA (TamiR 160) in resistant and susceptible isolines of wheat cultivars HD2329 during leaf rust pathogenesis. Utilizing methyation specific PCR, we revealed the influence of methylated and unmethylated alleles in dictating the overall temporal expression of <i>TaAOC</i> at different time points of disease progression. We recorded a significant demethylation in proximal 3’UTR in the resistant cultivar after 24&#xa0;h post inoculation (hpi) of pathogen aligned to the synergistic upregulated gene expression of <i>TaAOC</i>. Though less prominent, a similar pattern was observed in the susceptible cultivar, with the methylated allele reappearing at 168 hpi, unlike in the resistant isoline. Thus, we concluded that cytosine methylation at proximal 3’UTR can act as a potential epigenetic marker for the expression control of leaf rust-responsive <i>TaAOC</i>.</p>

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Cytosine methylation at proximal 3’UTR modulates gene expression of leaf rust responsive microRNA targeted allene oxide cyclase (TaAOC) in wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Uzma Afreen,
  • Shailendra Kumar Jha,
  • Kunal Mukhopadhyay,
  • Manish Kumar

摘要

In plants, cytosine methylation shows correlation with gene expression, and defensive mechanisms are fine-tuned by stress-induced hypo- and hypermethylation. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulates the expression of defense-related genes by promoting endonucleolytic cleavage or translational inhibition. The 3′ untraslated regions (3′UTR) controls miRNA binding through miRNA response elements. This interactions between seed regions impact the affinity of miRNA–mRNA binding influencing the ultimate fate of mRNA getting translated to a protein. We hypothesized that cytosine methylation at proximal 3’UTR in defense-related genes targeted by leaf rust-responsive miRNAs may affect its overall gene expression. In this study, we retrieved a potential regulatory gene allene oxide cyclase (TaAOC), an integral component of jasmonic acid biosynthesis from our previous study, where it was actively modulated by the expression profiles of leaf rust-responsive miRNA (TamiR 160) in resistant and susceptible isolines of wheat cultivars HD2329 during leaf rust pathogenesis. Utilizing methyation specific PCR, we revealed the influence of methylated and unmethylated alleles in dictating the overall temporal expression of TaAOC at different time points of disease progression. We recorded a significant demethylation in proximal 3’UTR in the resistant cultivar after 24 h post inoculation (hpi) of pathogen aligned to the synergistic upregulated gene expression of TaAOC. Though less prominent, a similar pattern was observed in the susceptible cultivar, with the methylated allele reappearing at 168 hpi, unlike in the resistant isoline. Thus, we concluded that cytosine methylation at proximal 3’UTR can act as a potential epigenetic marker for the expression control of leaf rust-responsive TaAOC.