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<p>Heat stress significantly threatens wheat production, particularly given the increasingly erratic climate conditions worldwide. Wheat is notably susceptible to high temperatures during critical developmental stages such as flowering and grain filling, and yield losses can be severe. We screened 111 wheat genotypes over three successive seasons (T₁–T₃) under fully irrigated control and late-sown heat-stress regimes and quantified antioxidant activities alongside spike length (SL), spikelet number (NSS), grain number (NGS), grain weight per spike (WGS) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW). Heat stress sharply up-regulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants across all generations, whereas SL, NSS and WGS declined in T₁ and T₂ but partially recovered in T₃, indicating both inter- and trans-generational stress memory. Heat-tolerance indices (HTI) for antioxidants and yield traits rose significantly from T₁ to T₃, suggesting progressive physiological acclimation. A genome-wide association study based on HTI values detected 152 significant marker–trait associations; eleven multi-trait hotspots on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 3B, 5B, 6B, and 6D explained up to 18% of phenotypic variance. The strongest signal, a T → C SNP on 6D within TraesCS6D02G045600, implicates an F-box domain protein whose ubiquitin-mediated turnover is consistent with stress-memory pathways. These loci and their antioxidant-linked candidate genes provide directly deployable markers for breeding wheat cultivars that retain yield under escalating heat regimes while shedding light on the molecular circuitry underpinning heritable thermotolerance.</p>

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Heat resilience in wheat (triticum aestivum L.): antioxidant dynamics, genetic mapping, and epigenetic insights into stress memory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Samar G. Thabet,
  • Amr Elkelish,
  • Ahmad M. Alqudah,
  • Abdulrahman M. Alhudhaibi,
  • Hussain Alqahtani,
  • Andreas Börner,
  • Nihal El Nahhas

摘要

Heat stress significantly threatens wheat production, particularly given the increasingly erratic climate conditions worldwide. Wheat is notably susceptible to high temperatures during critical developmental stages such as flowering and grain filling, and yield losses can be severe. We screened 111 wheat genotypes over three successive seasons (T₁–T₃) under fully irrigated control and late-sown heat-stress regimes and quantified antioxidant activities alongside spike length (SL), spikelet number (NSS), grain number (NGS), grain weight per spike (WGS) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW). Heat stress sharply up-regulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants across all generations, whereas SL, NSS and WGS declined in T₁ and T₂ but partially recovered in T₃, indicating both inter- and trans-generational stress memory. Heat-tolerance indices (HTI) for antioxidants and yield traits rose significantly from T₁ to T₃, suggesting progressive physiological acclimation. A genome-wide association study based on HTI values detected 152 significant marker–trait associations; eleven multi-trait hotspots on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 3B, 5B, 6B, and 6D explained up to 18% of phenotypic variance. The strongest signal, a T → C SNP on 6D within TraesCS6D02G045600, implicates an F-box domain protein whose ubiquitin-mediated turnover is consistent with stress-memory pathways. These loci and their antioxidant-linked candidate genes provide directly deployable markers for breeding wheat cultivars that retain yield under escalating heat regimes while shedding light on the molecular circuitry underpinning heritable thermotolerance.