<p>Pigmented wheat is distinguished by the cereal grains with red, blue, purple colors due to the variation in anthocyanin profiles. Although certain seed physiology activities were found closely related to grain colors, it remains elusive whether these effects are due to anthocyanin accumulation in seed coat or not. This study investigated the possible effects of anthocyanin accumulation in grains on yield parameters and seed vigor. For this, we used a segregating wheat population observed by crossing the white grain cultivar ‘Novosibirskaya 67’ (N67) with the pigmented grain cultivar ‘Purple.’ To obtain wheat grains that differ only in the anthocyanin contents, equal numbers of white and purple F₃ offsprings were randomized and pooled into ‘bulk −’ and ‘bulk +’ materials, respectively. Targeted and untargeted metabolic analysis further demonstrated that the chemical profiles of bulk − and bulk + grains were well equivalent except for their anthocyanin contents. Despite significant differences that existed between parent wheat cultivars under greenhouse and field conditions, their offspring materials bulk − and bulk + generally showed only minor distinction on the measured parameters of plant growth, seed yield parameters, and seed vigor. These little differences between bulk − and bulk + materials suggested that the accumulated anthocyanin in grains did not affect yield components and seed vigor.</p>