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<p>Mutation breeding explores genetic variations to develop high-yielding genotypes. Our study used black grain wheat (<i>Bw)</i> for development of mutants using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), with focus on agronomical traits. LD<sub>50</sub> for EMS was found to be 0.4% and was used as optimal dosage for mutation. Two thousand <i>Bw</i> seeds were treated with 0.4% EMS, resulting in 543 (27.15%) surviving M₁ plants, of which 507 (25.35%) could reach maturity. From these, 507 independent M<sub>2</sub> lines were developed and their phenotypes were assessed for three generations. In M<sub>2</sub> generation, 35 lines (6.91%) exhibited phenotypic variation and segregation for traits such as plant height, spike morphology, tillers behavior, flowering time, and grain color. In the M<sub>3</sub> generation, the heritability of the observed phenotypic traits was confirmed, leading to the identification of superior mutant lines. Out of 35 mutant lines, four lines, named as <i>Bwm16, Bwm20, Bwm22, and Bwm31,</i> excelled in yield-related attributes such as semi-dwarf plant height (PH), (104 ± 3.4, 89.8 ± 2.3, 107 ± 5.7, 104 ± 5.6&#xa0;cm, respectively), number of grains per spike (GPS) (35 ± 5, 45 ± 4, 40 ± 5, 43 ± 7), 1000-grain weight (TGW) (35.39 ± 0.74, 33.21 ± 0.57, 45.8 ± 0.87, 36.92 ± 0.45&#xa0;g) and days of heading (DH) (77, 78, 75, 68&#xa0;days) compared to control (PH: 105 ± 5.8&#xa0;cm, GPS: 42 ± 5, GW: 25.54 ± 0.67&#xa0;g, DH: 80&#xa0;days). Our correlation study shows PH as negatively correlated with tiller number and DH whereas positively correlated with flag leaf area (FLA). The FLA also showed positive correlation with spike length and TGW. These developed mutant lines have potential in wheat breeding program to boost productivity, adaptability, and global food security amid changing environmental conditions.</p>

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Development, genetic insights and phenotypic characterization of yield-related traits in EMS-induced mutants of black wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Nidhi Shukla,
  • Monalisha Mishra,
  • Nand K. Singh

摘要

Mutation breeding explores genetic variations to develop high-yielding genotypes. Our study used black grain wheat (Bw) for development of mutants using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), with focus on agronomical traits. LD50 for EMS was found to be 0.4% and was used as optimal dosage for mutation. Two thousand Bw seeds were treated with 0.4% EMS, resulting in 543 (27.15%) surviving M₁ plants, of which 507 (25.35%) could reach maturity. From these, 507 independent M2 lines were developed and their phenotypes were assessed for three generations. In M2 generation, 35 lines (6.91%) exhibited phenotypic variation and segregation for traits such as plant height, spike morphology, tillers behavior, flowering time, and grain color. In the M3 generation, the heritability of the observed phenotypic traits was confirmed, leading to the identification of superior mutant lines. Out of 35 mutant lines, four lines, named as Bwm16, Bwm20, Bwm22, and Bwm31, excelled in yield-related attributes such as semi-dwarf plant height (PH), (104 ± 3.4, 89.8 ± 2.3, 107 ± 5.7, 104 ± 5.6 cm, respectively), number of grains per spike (GPS) (35 ± 5, 45 ± 4, 40 ± 5, 43 ± 7), 1000-grain weight (TGW) (35.39 ± 0.74, 33.21 ± 0.57, 45.8 ± 0.87, 36.92 ± 0.45 g) and days of heading (DH) (77, 78, 75, 68 days) compared to control (PH: 105 ± 5.8 cm, GPS: 42 ± 5, GW: 25.54 ± 0.67 g, DH: 80 days). Our correlation study shows PH as negatively correlated with tiller number and DH whereas positively correlated with flag leaf area (FLA). The FLA also showed positive correlation with spike length and TGW. These developed mutant lines have potential in wheat breeding program to boost productivity, adaptability, and global food security amid changing environmental conditions.