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<p>Agroforestry, the deliberate integration of trees with crops and/or livestock within agricultural landscapes, has emerged as an important climate-smart and multifunctional land-use approach addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges. By enhancing ecosystem resilience, improving livelihood security, restoring degraded lands, and supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation, agroforestry offers significant potential for advancing sustainable development. Although numerous studies have examined the ecological and socioeconomic benefits of agroforestry, a comprehensive synthesis linking agroforestry systems with livelihood security and multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) remain limited. Therefore, the present review provides a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-inspired narrative synthesis and bibliometric assessment of agroforestry contributions toward multiple SDGs. Major agroforestry systems, such as agri-silviculture, silvopastoral, agri-silvopastoral, plantation-based multistrata systems, and homegarden systems, were evaluated across diverse geographical regions. Globally, agroforestry is practised by nearly 1.2 billion people across approximately 1023 million ha, representing about 10% of agricultural land worldwide. Evidence indicates that agroforestry can increase food availability by 30–50% in smallholder systems while enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services compared with monoculture-based agriculture. Agroforestry systems also demonstrate considerable climate mitigation potential, with estimated global carbon sequestration ranging from 1.1 to 5.7 Gt CO<sub>2</sub> annually. In addition to improving farm productivity and income diversification, agroforestry contributes to employment generation, livelihood resilience, and equitable resource utilisation. Nevertheless, inadequate policy support, limited extension services, market constraints, and management complexities continue to restrict large-scale adoption. Overall, the review highlights agroforestry as an integrated land-use strategy that harmonises with many SDGs, but it requires transparent and workable policy frameworks, region-specific coordination, and greater research attention to socioeconomic and institutional dimensions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Agroforestry for livelihood security, environmental sustainability, and Sustainable Development Goals: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Salma,
  • Lalji Singh,
  • Sangram B. Chavan,
  • Syed Ali,
  • J. C. Dagar,
  • S. R. Gupta,
  • J. S. Singh,
  • E. Singh,
  • Suresh Ramanan,
  • R. K. Chaturvedi,
  • Akunuri Supriya,
  • P. Toppo

摘要

Agroforestry, the deliberate integration of trees with crops and/or livestock within agricultural landscapes, has emerged as an important climate-smart and multifunctional land-use approach addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges. By enhancing ecosystem resilience, improving livelihood security, restoring degraded lands, and supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation, agroforestry offers significant potential for advancing sustainable development. Although numerous studies have examined the ecological and socioeconomic benefits of agroforestry, a comprehensive synthesis linking agroforestry systems with livelihood security and multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) remain limited. Therefore, the present review provides a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-inspired narrative synthesis and bibliometric assessment of agroforestry contributions toward multiple SDGs. Major agroforestry systems, such as agri-silviculture, silvopastoral, agri-silvopastoral, plantation-based multistrata systems, and homegarden systems, were evaluated across diverse geographical regions. Globally, agroforestry is practised by nearly 1.2 billion people across approximately 1023 million ha, representing about 10% of agricultural land worldwide. Evidence indicates that agroforestry can increase food availability by 30–50% in smallholder systems while enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services compared with monoculture-based agriculture. Agroforestry systems also demonstrate considerable climate mitigation potential, with estimated global carbon sequestration ranging from 1.1 to 5.7 Gt CO2 annually. In addition to improving farm productivity and income diversification, agroforestry contributes to employment generation, livelihood resilience, and equitable resource utilisation. Nevertheless, inadequate policy support, limited extension services, market constraints, and management complexities continue to restrict large-scale adoption. Overall, the review highlights agroforestry as an integrated land-use strategy that harmonises with many SDGs, but it requires transparent and workable policy frameworks, region-specific coordination, and greater research attention to socioeconomic and institutional dimensions.

Graphical abstract