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<p>Coal bottom ash (CBA) from thermal power plants and municipal solid waste incinerated bottom ash (IBA) from waste-to-energy plants are produced in large volumes, creating critical disposal and environmental challenges worldwide. This study evaluates their feasibility for pavement applications by stabilizing them with ALCCOFINE 1108, an ultrafine, highly reactive supplementary cementitious material. Laboratory investigations including compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and durability tests were performed, supported by SEM and FTIR analyses. Untreated ashes exhibited inadequate strength for direct use in pavement layers. Stabilization, however, substantially enhanced their performance: at 28 days, UCS values increased to 925.8&#xa0;kPa for CBA and 3859.2&#xa0;kPa for IBA at 8% ALCCOFINE, with IBA achieving nearly fourfold higher strength. Durability tests confirmed residual strengths above 100%, indicating excellent long-term stability. Microstructural analyses confirmed ettringite formation in CBA and both ettringite and C–S–H gel in IBA, explaining the superior performance of IBA. Overall, the findings establish ALCCOFINE-stabilized CBA and IBA as low-carbon, resource-efficient materials suitable for embankments, subgrades, and sub-base layers in both rural and national highway projects, contributing to sustainable infrastructure development.</p>

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Strength, Durability, and Microstructural Characterization of Alccofine-Stabilized Coal and Incinerated Bottom Ash for Highway Infrastructure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Anil kumar,
  • Sreeshma Govindan,
  • Arsha Santhosh

摘要

Coal bottom ash (CBA) from thermal power plants and municipal solid waste incinerated bottom ash (IBA) from waste-to-energy plants are produced in large volumes, creating critical disposal and environmental challenges worldwide. This study evaluates their feasibility for pavement applications by stabilizing them with ALCCOFINE 1108, an ultrafine, highly reactive supplementary cementitious material. Laboratory investigations including compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and durability tests were performed, supported by SEM and FTIR analyses. Untreated ashes exhibited inadequate strength for direct use in pavement layers. Stabilization, however, substantially enhanced their performance: at 28 days, UCS values increased to 925.8 kPa for CBA and 3859.2 kPa for IBA at 8% ALCCOFINE, with IBA achieving nearly fourfold higher strength. Durability tests confirmed residual strengths above 100%, indicating excellent long-term stability. Microstructural analyses confirmed ettringite formation in CBA and both ettringite and C–S–H gel in IBA, explaining the superior performance of IBA. Overall, the findings establish ALCCOFINE-stabilized CBA and IBA as low-carbon, resource-efficient materials suitable for embankments, subgrades, and sub-base layers in both rural and national highway projects, contributing to sustainable infrastructure development.