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<p>This study investigates the static and dynamic performance of pavement base courses stabilized with a composite binder consisting of cement bypass dust (CBD) and spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst as a sustainable alternative to conventional cement stabilization. A systematic experimental program evaluated the optimum CBD-SFCC ratio of 60:40, which achieved 17.6&#xa0;MPa unconfined compressive strength at 7 days—8–10% higher than 9% cement-treated base. Comprehensive assessment of mechanical properties, durability characteristics, and microstructural development across multiple binder contents (3–15%) demonstrated that CBD-SFCC stabilized materials achieved 28.4&#xa0;MPa UCS and 3.4&#xa0;MPa modulus of rupture at 28 days for 15% binder content. Dynamic characterization through cyclic load triaxial testing revealed exceptional resilient modulus values up to 5689&#xa0;MPa with low stress-dependency under the testing conditions applied, and remarkable resistance to permanent deformation (0.016% strain after 10,000 cycles at 15% binder content). Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy identified distinctive morphological features that explain the observed performance advantages, notably the development of fibrous morphologies consistent with calcium aluminosilicate hydrate phases. Environmental durability testing confirmed superior resistance of CBD-SFCC stabilized materials to moisture-induced degradation, with strength retention reaching 95% after 12 wetting-drying cycles. These findings establish the technical viability of CBD-SFCC composite binders as high-performance, sustainable alternatives for pavement base course stabilization, offering significant environmental benefits through industrial byproduct valorization.</p>

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Static and Dynamic Performance of Base Course Treated with Industrial Byproducts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Sajjad E. Rasheed,
  • Mohammed Y. Fattah,
  • Waqed H. Hassan

摘要

This study investigates the static and dynamic performance of pavement base courses stabilized with a composite binder consisting of cement bypass dust (CBD) and spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst as a sustainable alternative to conventional cement stabilization. A systematic experimental program evaluated the optimum CBD-SFCC ratio of 60:40, which achieved 17.6 MPa unconfined compressive strength at 7 days—8–10% higher than 9% cement-treated base. Comprehensive assessment of mechanical properties, durability characteristics, and microstructural development across multiple binder contents (3–15%) demonstrated that CBD-SFCC stabilized materials achieved 28.4 MPa UCS and 3.4 MPa modulus of rupture at 28 days for 15% binder content. Dynamic characterization through cyclic load triaxial testing revealed exceptional resilient modulus values up to 5689 MPa with low stress-dependency under the testing conditions applied, and remarkable resistance to permanent deformation (0.016% strain after 10,000 cycles at 15% binder content). Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy identified distinctive morphological features that explain the observed performance advantages, notably the development of fibrous morphologies consistent with calcium aluminosilicate hydrate phases. Environmental durability testing confirmed superior resistance of CBD-SFCC stabilized materials to moisture-induced degradation, with strength retention reaching 95% after 12 wetting-drying cycles. These findings establish the technical viability of CBD-SFCC composite binders as high-performance, sustainable alternatives for pavement base course stabilization, offering significant environmental benefits through industrial byproduct valorization.