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<p>This study addresses the significant carbon footprint and resource consumption of traditional concrete paving blocks (CPBs) by developing a sustainable alternative that synergistically integrates 100% recycled brick aggregate (RBA)—a porous, performance-limiting construction waste—with a low-clinker limestone-calcined clay cement (LC³) binder and a tailored hybrid polycarboxylate ether-lignosulfonate (PCE-LS) admixture system. While prior research has explored components such as LC³, recycled aggregates, and chemical admixtures in isolation, the specific synergistic interaction between these three elements particularly for mitigating the high porosity of 100% RBA under the production constraints of CPBs remains underexplored. Through a comprehensive experimental program evaluating mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, and cradle-to-gate CO₂ emissions, the hybrid admixture was found to effectively mitigate RBA’s deficits, restoring 28-day compressive strength to a level statistically equivalent to the natural aggregate control (43.1&#xa0;MPa) and reducing chloride migration by 58%. The LC³ binder achieved superior later-age strength (53.5&#xa0;MPa at 180 days) while reducing cement-related CO₂ emissions by 23.5%. The combined optimal system delivered a 26.4% reduction in embodied carbon per m³, diverted 600&#xa0;kg/m³ of waste from landfills, and microstructurally exhibited pore refinement and carboaluminate phase formation, densifying the matrix and interfacial zone. These results validate a high-performance, low-carbon blueprint for durable CPBs, demonstrating that the synergistic multi-scale interaction between admixtures and binder transforms RBA from a liability into a functional component, offering a viable pathway for circular economy principles in sustainable urban infrastructure and providing a foundation for future industrial translation and field validation.</p>

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Enhanced Durability and CO₂ Reduction in Concrete Pavers Using Recycled Brick Aggregate, Hybrid Admixtures, and LC³

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Asif Hossain Abir,
  • Md. Akhter Hossain Sarker

摘要

This study addresses the significant carbon footprint and resource consumption of traditional concrete paving blocks (CPBs) by developing a sustainable alternative that synergistically integrates 100% recycled brick aggregate (RBA)—a porous, performance-limiting construction waste—with a low-clinker limestone-calcined clay cement (LC³) binder and a tailored hybrid polycarboxylate ether-lignosulfonate (PCE-LS) admixture system. While prior research has explored components such as LC³, recycled aggregates, and chemical admixtures in isolation, the specific synergistic interaction between these three elements particularly for mitigating the high porosity of 100% RBA under the production constraints of CPBs remains underexplored. Through a comprehensive experimental program evaluating mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, and cradle-to-gate CO₂ emissions, the hybrid admixture was found to effectively mitigate RBA’s deficits, restoring 28-day compressive strength to a level statistically equivalent to the natural aggregate control (43.1 MPa) and reducing chloride migration by 58%. The LC³ binder achieved superior later-age strength (53.5 MPa at 180 days) while reducing cement-related CO₂ emissions by 23.5%. The combined optimal system delivered a 26.4% reduction in embodied carbon per m³, diverted 600 kg/m³ of waste from landfills, and microstructurally exhibited pore refinement and carboaluminate phase formation, densifying the matrix and interfacial zone. These results validate a high-performance, low-carbon blueprint for durable CPBs, demonstrating that the synergistic multi-scale interaction between admixtures and binder transforms RBA from a liability into a functional component, offering a viable pathway for circular economy principles in sustainable urban infrastructure and providing a foundation for future industrial translation and field validation.