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<p>Growing concerns over environmental pollution and excessive waste generation have intensified the need for sustainable solutions in road construction. Biomass-based modifiers have emerged as eco-friendly alternatives for enhancing asphalt performance while reducing carbon footprints and conserving natural resources. This study investigated spent coffee grounds (SCGs), an abundantly available but underutilized waste material, as a bio-additive for asphalt modification. Unlike conventional approaches, this study comprehensively evaluated the effects of SCGs on asphalt mixtures across multiple performance parameters. Bitumen properties were assessed through penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity tests. After analyzing the morphology of SCGs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the performance of both control and modified asphalt mixtures containing 1%, 3%, 5%, and 8% SCG was assessed through Marshall, semi-circular bending (SCB), repeated load axial (RLA), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture sensitivity tests. At low temperatures, fracture energy and fracture toughness increased by 57% with 3% SCG, enhancing crack resistance. According to the RLA test, as the amount of SCG increased, resistance to rutting significantly increased; the Marshall quotient (MQ) parameter also confirmed this. The ITS of the samples containing 1% SCG powder increased, then gradually decreased; according to the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) results, the optimal SCG content of 1% maintained strength and moisture resistance.</p>

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Exploiting Spent Coffee Grounds as a Potential Bio-Additive to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Hot-Mix Asphalt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Mahyar Arabani,
  • Zeinab Mohammadi Moghaddam

摘要

Growing concerns over environmental pollution and excessive waste generation have intensified the need for sustainable solutions in road construction. Biomass-based modifiers have emerged as eco-friendly alternatives for enhancing asphalt performance while reducing carbon footprints and conserving natural resources. This study investigated spent coffee grounds (SCGs), an abundantly available but underutilized waste material, as a bio-additive for asphalt modification. Unlike conventional approaches, this study comprehensively evaluated the effects of SCGs on asphalt mixtures across multiple performance parameters. Bitumen properties were assessed through penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity tests. After analyzing the morphology of SCGs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the performance of both control and modified asphalt mixtures containing 1%, 3%, 5%, and 8% SCG was assessed through Marshall, semi-circular bending (SCB), repeated load axial (RLA), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture sensitivity tests. At low temperatures, fracture energy and fracture toughness increased by 57% with 3% SCG, enhancing crack resistance. According to the RLA test, as the amount of SCG increased, resistance to rutting significantly increased; the Marshall quotient (MQ) parameter also confirmed this. The ITS of the samples containing 1% SCG powder increased, then gradually decreased; according to the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) results, the optimal SCG content of 1% maintained strength and moisture resistance.