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<p>The effective participation of aged binder in recycled asphalt (RA) mixtures strongly governs compaction efficiency and mechanical performance; however, conventional mix design procedures implicitly assume full binder availability, leading to inconsistent field performance. This study quantifies the degree of aged binder availability (DoAv) in RA mixtures by integrating RA fractionation (coarse and fine) with controlled pugmill mixing durations (60–180&#xa0;s). A volumetric-based framework was employed to determine DoAv and link it explicitly with compaction behavior and mechanical properties, including indirect tensile strength (ITS), Resilient Modulus (M<sub>r</sub>), and viscoelastic time lag. Results show that DoAv increases systematically with mixing time and is strongly dependent on RA particle size, with fine RA mixes reaching binder activation saturation at approximately 120&#xa0;s, while coarse RA mixes exhibit a gradual increase up to 180&#xa0;s. Higher DoAv resulted in reduced optimum binder content, improved degree of compaction, increased stiffness, enhanced tensile strength, and reduced time lag. Strong correlations were established between DoAv and mechanical parameters, confirming DoAv as a governing mechanistic parameter rather than a descriptive volumetric indicator. The study demonstrates that combining RA fractionation with optimized mixing duration provides a reproducible and practical framework to control aged binder participation, enabling improved compaction uniformity, mechanical performance, and reduced virgin binder demand. This work advances RA mix design by directly linking production conditions to binder availability and performance outcomes.</p>

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Influence of Aged Binder Availability on Compaction Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Asphalt Mixes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Poorna Teja Munagapati,
  • E. Harshavardhan Goud,
  • Vishnu Radhakrishnan

摘要

The effective participation of aged binder in recycled asphalt (RA) mixtures strongly governs compaction efficiency and mechanical performance; however, conventional mix design procedures implicitly assume full binder availability, leading to inconsistent field performance. This study quantifies the degree of aged binder availability (DoAv) in RA mixtures by integrating RA fractionation (coarse and fine) with controlled pugmill mixing durations (60–180 s). A volumetric-based framework was employed to determine DoAv and link it explicitly with compaction behavior and mechanical properties, including indirect tensile strength (ITS), Resilient Modulus (Mr), and viscoelastic time lag. Results show that DoAv increases systematically with mixing time and is strongly dependent on RA particle size, with fine RA mixes reaching binder activation saturation at approximately 120 s, while coarse RA mixes exhibit a gradual increase up to 180 s. Higher DoAv resulted in reduced optimum binder content, improved degree of compaction, increased stiffness, enhanced tensile strength, and reduced time lag. Strong correlations were established between DoAv and mechanical parameters, confirming DoAv as a governing mechanistic parameter rather than a descriptive volumetric indicator. The study demonstrates that combining RA fractionation with optimized mixing duration provides a reproducible and practical framework to control aged binder participation, enabling improved compaction uniformity, mechanical performance, and reduced virgin binder demand. This work advances RA mix design by directly linking production conditions to binder availability and performance outcomes.