Operational Excellence Through Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS): A Servitization Pathway for Manufacturing SMEs
摘要
Manufacturing SMEs play a critical role in national economic growth and export competitiveness, yet they continue to face persistent challenges in achieving operational excellence due to limited adoption of industrial robots. High capital investment requirements, technical complexity, and demand uncertainty remain key barriers. To address these constraints, this research proposes Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) as a servitization-based alternative to the traditional capital expenditure robot adoption model. Drawing on an integrated conceptual framework and a quantified PESTLE analysis, the research highlighted the strategic suitability of RaaS from the perspectives of both original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and manufacturing SMEs. Further, the findings imply that RaaS enhances productivity, flexibility, and cost efficiency while reducing financial and operational risks, thereby strengthening SMEs’ operational excellence and global competitiveness. The research contributes to the servitization and Industry 4.0 literature by demonstrating how service-based business models can enable sustainable, scalable technology adoption among manufacturing SMEs.