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<p>Solid waste management poses a significant environmental challenge, particularly in developing countries that still depend on traditional methods with little concern for ecological risks. This study focused on characterizing the waste composition and estimated methane generation potential using field data from Al Nabai, the largest landfill in Baghdad, employing site-specific parameters for the first time that might reflect actual waste characteristics and landfill operational conditions in similar urban developing areas. Findings indicated that waste in Baghdad comprised 46.04% organic matter, 21.66% plastic, 18.42% paper and cardboard, 5.95% metal, 4.10% glass, 2.13% wood and garden waste, and 1.6% textiles. The methane generation potential was calculated at 72.49 m<sup>3</sup>/Mg based on the waste composition and current landfill conditions. Using LandGEM model, the study estimated that the total landfill gas generation rate would peak at 8.338E + 04 Mg/year in 2028. The comparison showed that model results derived from the field parameters align more closely with the parameters specified in AP-42 (Arid Area) than with other default parameters. Monte Carlo simulation results in the uncertainty analyses for the key LandGEM parameters also confirmed that the most common outcomes cluster around those produced by the field parameters. This study could guide improved waste management practices and policies in similar urban contexts.</p>

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Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste and Estimation of Al Nabai Landfill Gas Emissions in Baghdad with LandGEM Model and Field Measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月8日

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  • Zaid Qahtan Tayyeh,
  • Widad Fadhullah

摘要

Solid waste management poses a significant environmental challenge, particularly in developing countries that still depend on traditional methods with little concern for ecological risks. This study focused on characterizing the waste composition and estimated methane generation potential using field data from Al Nabai, the largest landfill in Baghdad, employing site-specific parameters for the first time that might reflect actual waste characteristics and landfill operational conditions in similar urban developing areas. Findings indicated that waste in Baghdad comprised 46.04% organic matter, 21.66% plastic, 18.42% paper and cardboard, 5.95% metal, 4.10% glass, 2.13% wood and garden waste, and 1.6% textiles. The methane generation potential was calculated at 72.49 m3/Mg based on the waste composition and current landfill conditions. Using LandGEM model, the study estimated that the total landfill gas generation rate would peak at 8.338E + 04 Mg/year in 2028. The comparison showed that model results derived from the field parameters align more closely with the parameters specified in AP-42 (Arid Area) than with other default parameters. Monte Carlo simulation results in the uncertainty analyses for the key LandGEM parameters also confirmed that the most common outcomes cluster around those produced by the field parameters. This study could guide improved waste management practices and policies in similar urban contexts.