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<p>Blue tungsten oxide nanostructures with optimum surface and bulk oxygen vacancies (O<sub>V-B</sub>) remained a concern, requiring specific growth conditions and equipment, which can make the fabrication process complicated and unachievable. In this study, the electrical arc discharge in water was applied to produce oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide nanostructures and tailoring oxygen vacancies at the surface and bulk region of nanoparticles by tuning the applied current to tungsten electrodes. This approach is particularly suited for photocatalysis applications due to the impact of surface oxygen vacancies (O<sub>V-S</sub>) and O<sub>V-B</sub> in the adsorption and photocatalytic activity, which needs to be adjusted for efficient pollutant degradation. This research has demonstrated that it is indeed feasible to tailor the concentration of bulk and O<sub>V-S</sub>, and such tailoring can transform tungsten oxides from photocatalyst into super-adsorbent nanoparticles, and confirmed by use of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive, X-ray photoelectron, Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies, and thermogravimetry–derivative thermogravimetry. These findings have exciting implications for the development of new materials with unique properties and applications. The optimized WO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> with the lowest value of <i>x</i> = 0.03 presents an 87.3% removal of methylene blue (MB) after 150&#xa0;min of ultraviolet–visible light irradiation, and superior adsorbent properties of WO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> with the highest <i>x</i> = 0.62 value presented a 64.7% adsorption of MB after 30&#xa0;min in dark condition. This tailoring strategy for oxygen vacancies also guides the development of metal oxide nanostructures for the photodegradation and adsorption of various pollutants.</p>

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Super-adsorber to efficient photocatalyst transition in blue WO2/WO3-x/WO3 trident nanostructures via oxygen vacancies tailoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Seyyed Hamid Mousavi-Zadeh,
  • Reza Poursalehi,
  • Amin Yourdkhani

摘要

Blue tungsten oxide nanostructures with optimum surface and bulk oxygen vacancies (OV-B) remained a concern, requiring specific growth conditions and equipment, which can make the fabrication process complicated and unachievable. In this study, the electrical arc discharge in water was applied to produce oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide nanostructures and tailoring oxygen vacancies at the surface and bulk region of nanoparticles by tuning the applied current to tungsten electrodes. This approach is particularly suited for photocatalysis applications due to the impact of surface oxygen vacancies (OV-S) and OV-B in the adsorption and photocatalytic activity, which needs to be adjusted for efficient pollutant degradation. This research has demonstrated that it is indeed feasible to tailor the concentration of bulk and OV-S, and such tailoring can transform tungsten oxides from photocatalyst into super-adsorbent nanoparticles, and confirmed by use of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive, X-ray photoelectron, Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies, and thermogravimetry–derivative thermogravimetry. These findings have exciting implications for the development of new materials with unique properties and applications. The optimized WO3-x with the lowest value of x = 0.03 presents an 87.3% removal of methylene blue (MB) after 150 min of ultraviolet–visible light irradiation, and superior adsorbent properties of WO3-x with the highest x = 0.62 value presented a 64.7% adsorption of MB after 30 min in dark condition. This tailoring strategy for oxygen vacancies also guides the development of metal oxide nanostructures for the photodegradation and adsorption of various pollutants.