Purpose <p>This study investigates the feasibility of applying asymmetric gears to enhance the performance of power transmission systems in agricultural tractors.</p> Methods <p>To evaluate the durability of a tractor transmission system incorporating asymmetric gears, a commercial software package was used to develop a detailed model of the transmission. A representative load spectrum was defined based on various agricultural operation conditions. Using the developed model, the bending and contact safety factors of the gears were calculated in accordance with ISO standards. To examine the dynamic performance of the asymmetric gear system, an analytical model based on potential theory was constructed. This model was employed to compute the mesh stiffness and transmission error of the gears constituting the tractor transmission system.</p> Results <p>The application of asymmetric gears improved the bending and contact fatigue strength of the gears in the tractor transmission system. Furthermore, the peak-to-peak transmission error under agricultural operating conditions was also reduced.</p> Conclusions <p>The findings confirm that asymmetric gears can be effectively employed to improve the durability and dynamic performance of agricultural tractor transmissions. Compared to alternative methods, this approach offers advantages in terms of spatial constraints and requires minimal design modifications.</p>