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Purpose <p>A nondestructive fresh weight estimation system is essential for real-time crop monitoring and environmental adjustments to regulate lettuce growth characteristics. To improve prediction accuracy beyond traditional top-view approaches, multiangle image analysis and spherical volume estimation were applied to predict the fresh weight of “Frillice” lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) in a plant factory with artificial lighting. This study supports the development of adaptable fresh weight estimation systems for commercial indoor farming by confirming their feasibility under varying light intensities.</p> Methods <p>Seedlings were transplanted on polystyrene foam boards 14&#xa0;days after sowing (DAS). A photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> was provided until 24 DAS, after which plants were cultivated under five different PPFD levels. Multiangle image data (top and side views) and growth parameters, such as fresh weights and leaf area, were collected every 4&#xa0;days after transplanting. In addition, the spherical volume of the lettuce heads and their correlation with the growth parameters were calculated.</p> Results <p>The coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) between shoot fresh weight and estimated volume was 0.78 at a PPFD of 100&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>, increasing to 0.92 at a PPFD of 300&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>. However, when data from all PPFD conditions were combined, the <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> value decreased.</p> Conclusion <p>Furthermore, fresh weight estimation using multiangle images and spherical volume calculations effectively predicted “Frillice” lettuce biomass. Because the morphology and growth vary in plant factories with artificial lighting, adjusting the system and controlling light can enhance growth regulation and cultivation profitability.</p>

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Fresh Weight Estimation in Lettuce Using Estimated Spherical Volume from Multiangle Camera Images in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Nakhyun Lee,
  • Jeesang Myung,
  • Sungan Kim,
  • Meiyan Cui,
  • Hyein Lee,
  • Byungkwan Lee,
  • Jaewook Shin,
  • Sehee Kang,
  • Min Shim,
  • Changhoo Chun

摘要

Purpose

A nondestructive fresh weight estimation system is essential for real-time crop monitoring and environmental adjustments to regulate lettuce growth characteristics. To improve prediction accuracy beyond traditional top-view approaches, multiangle image analysis and spherical volume estimation were applied to predict the fresh weight of “Frillice” lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a plant factory with artificial lighting. This study supports the development of adaptable fresh weight estimation systems for commercial indoor farming by confirming their feasibility under varying light intensities.

Methods

Seedlings were transplanted on polystyrene foam boards 14 days after sowing (DAS). A photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 μmol m−2 s−1 was provided until 24 DAS, after which plants were cultivated under five different PPFD levels. Multiangle image data (top and side views) and growth parameters, such as fresh weights and leaf area, were collected every 4 days after transplanting. In addition, the spherical volume of the lettuce heads and their correlation with the growth parameters were calculated.

Results

The coefficient of determination (R2) between shoot fresh weight and estimated volume was 0.78 at a PPFD of 100 μmol m−2 s−1, increasing to 0.92 at a PPFD of 300 μmol m−2 s−1. However, when data from all PPFD conditions were combined, the R2 value decreased.

Conclusion

Furthermore, fresh weight estimation using multiangle images and spherical volume calculations effectively predicted “Frillice” lettuce biomass. Because the morphology and growth vary in plant factories with artificial lighting, adjusting the system and controlling light can enhance growth regulation and cultivation profitability.