<p>Internal resilience factors play a key role in protecting against adversity. Yet, it remains largely unknown whether internal resilience scales provide useful information beyond the information contained by other measures of protective factors. The main aim of the present study was to test the incremental validity of internal resilience (i.e., perceived protective factors) as measured by the Rugged Resilience Measure (RRM) in predicting mental health outcomes over and above social-ecological resilience and generalized self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling on a sample of 421 adolescents (48% female; <i>M</i>_age = 16.86). Internal resilience had predictive value above and beyond social-ecological resilience and generalized self-efficacy in predicting all four criterion variables (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and internalizing problems). Caregiver resilience—a dimension of social-ecological resilience—remained a significant predictor of subjective well-being indicators and internalizing problems even after adding the internal resilience to the model. Our results suggest that the RRM may contain information about internal resilience factors beyond what is covered by a measure of social-ecological resilience and generalized self-efficacy, underscoring its importance in resilience research.</p>