<p>Adverse childhood experiences have profound implications for physical and mental health throughout an individual’s lifespan. While primary care research has focused on assessing adverse childhood experiences, much less is known about the protective factors crucial for fostering resilience. This scoping review, guided by Ungar’s Socio-ecological Resilience model, investigates the protective and adverse factors assessed in primary care alongside ACEs and their potential influence on patient outcomes. A comprehensive search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases through July 5, 2024, identified 33 relevant studies out of 1232 initial results. Findings reveal a disproportionate emphasis on adversities (<i>n</i> = 29) over protective factors (<i>n</i> = 19), reflecting a stronger focus on deficit-based models. Frequently assessed adverse factors include intimate partner violence, material hardship, and community problems, while resilience, social support, and health literacy were identified as key protective factors. The results underscore the importance of adopting more strength-based approaches in primary care, integrating community, environmental, and cultural resources to promote resilience and mitigate the effects of ACEs. Additionally, the study highlights the need for more culturally sensitive assessment tools and interventions, broadening the scope of resilience research within primary care.</p>