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<p>–Hail’s southern network in Saudi Arabia experiences low voltage levels under normal operation and voltage instability during contingencies, which may result in customer loss of load. To meet the planning criteria of the Saudi Electricity Regulatory Authority (SERA), which prevent load shedding under single equipment outages, the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) currently employs costly rental generation. This study proposes a sustainable alternative through the integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to enhance voltage stability in the region under study. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) framework is developed to determine the optimal size and placement of BESS units. The optimization objective is to minimize voltage deviation across the network. The proposed framework couples PSO with PSS®E simulations to evaluate system performance under peak summer 2024 loading conditions in both normal and <i>N</i>-1 contingency states. The results show that the optimized BESS integration significantly reduces voltage deviation and strengthens system resilience. The findings demonstrated that appropriately placed and sized BESS units can eliminate the need for rental generation and/or volt var compensation units while ensuring reliable and secure operation of Hail’s southern network.</p>

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Optimal Planning Framework of BESS for Voltage Stability Enhancement: A Case Study on Hail’s Southern Power Network

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Majed A. Alotaibi,
  • Mohammad S. Alrashid,
  • Ahmed A. Alguhi

摘要

–Hail’s southern network in Saudi Arabia experiences low voltage levels under normal operation and voltage instability during contingencies, which may result in customer loss of load. To meet the planning criteria of the Saudi Electricity Regulatory Authority (SERA), which prevent load shedding under single equipment outages, the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) currently employs costly rental generation. This study proposes a sustainable alternative through the integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to enhance voltage stability in the region under study. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) framework is developed to determine the optimal size and placement of BESS units. The optimization objective is to minimize voltage deviation across the network. The proposed framework couples PSO with PSS®E simulations to evaluate system performance under peak summer 2024 loading conditions in both normal and N-1 contingency states. The results show that the optimized BESS integration significantly reduces voltage deviation and strengthens system resilience. The findings demonstrated that appropriately placed and sized BESS units can eliminate the need for rental generation and/or volt var compensation units while ensuring reliable and secure operation of Hail’s southern network.