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<p>In electric vehicles (EVs), interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) employ field-weakening (FW) control for high-speed operation. However, during FW control, the d-axis flux cannot completely cancel the permanent magnet (PM) flux, resulting in a limited FW region. Although various strategies have been proposed to extend this region, few studies fundamentally explain why it is limited in practice. In this paper, the PM and d-q axis flux density distributions are systematically analyzed to identify the cause of the restriction in the high-speed operating region. The analysis shows that the FW region is limited by two factors: rotor saliency due to PMs, barriers, and ribs, and leakage flux caused by MMF differences. These effects introduce substantial harmonic components into the d-axis flux and thereby restrict the FW region. To reduce these harmonic components, a harmonic-reduction design based on the flux-density distribution was implemented by applying an interior notch structure and using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. As a result, the interior notch model required lower d-axis current and a smaller current angle compared to the base model at the same operating point, improving efficiency and reducing torque ripple, while extending the maximum operating region by approximately 10%.</p>

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Development of Flux Harmonic Reduction Technique for Extending the Field-Weakening Range in IPMSM for EV

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Byoung-Wook Jo,
  • Su-Hwan Kim,
  • Jin Hur

摘要

In electric vehicles (EVs), interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) employ field-weakening (FW) control for high-speed operation. However, during FW control, the d-axis flux cannot completely cancel the permanent magnet (PM) flux, resulting in a limited FW region. Although various strategies have been proposed to extend this region, few studies fundamentally explain why it is limited in practice. In this paper, the PM and d-q axis flux density distributions are systematically analyzed to identify the cause of the restriction in the high-speed operating region. The analysis shows that the FW region is limited by two factors: rotor saliency due to PMs, barriers, and ribs, and leakage flux caused by MMF differences. These effects introduce substantial harmonic components into the d-axis flux and thereby restrict the FW region. To reduce these harmonic components, a harmonic-reduction design based on the flux-density distribution was implemented by applying an interior notch structure and using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. As a result, the interior notch model required lower d-axis current and a smaller current angle compared to the base model at the same operating point, improving efficiency and reducing torque ripple, while extending the maximum operating region by approximately 10%.