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<p>This study presents a comparative analysis of surge propagation and attenuation characteristics in ± 500 kV HVDC transmission systems, focusing on overhead lines and underground cables using frequency-dependent PSCAD simulations. The surge attenuation behavior of each line type is quantitatively evaluated by varying key parameters such as surge front time (Tp), line length, and input surge conditions. The attenuation constant (α), derived from the input/output surge voltage ratio, is used as a quantitative index to evaluate the high-frequency filtering characteristics of overhead and cable lines. The results indicate that underground cables exhibit significantly higher attenuation than overhead lines due to their lower surge impedance and higher capacitance. This effect becomes more evident for shorter front times and longer line lengths, reflecting the frequency-selective behavior of cable systems. The main contribution of this study is the proposal of a practical EMT-based approach for deriving equivalent surge attenuation constants from time-domain simulations, enabling a systematic comparison of surge propagation characteristics in mixed HVDC transmission lines. The obtained results provide useful insights for insulation coordination and surge protection design, and are applicable to ongoing and planned HVDC projects in Korea that involve mixed overhead–underground transmission configurations.</p>

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Quantitative Evaluation of Surge Attenuation in Mixed ±500 kV HVDC Lines Using Frequency-Dependent Line Models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Sunghwan Song,
  • Jae Young Yoon

摘要

This study presents a comparative analysis of surge propagation and attenuation characteristics in ± 500 kV HVDC transmission systems, focusing on overhead lines and underground cables using frequency-dependent PSCAD simulations. The surge attenuation behavior of each line type is quantitatively evaluated by varying key parameters such as surge front time (Tp), line length, and input surge conditions. The attenuation constant (α), derived from the input/output surge voltage ratio, is used as a quantitative index to evaluate the high-frequency filtering characteristics of overhead and cable lines. The results indicate that underground cables exhibit significantly higher attenuation than overhead lines due to their lower surge impedance and higher capacitance. This effect becomes more evident for shorter front times and longer line lengths, reflecting the frequency-selective behavior of cable systems. The main contribution of this study is the proposal of a practical EMT-based approach for deriving equivalent surge attenuation constants from time-domain simulations, enabling a systematic comparison of surge propagation characteristics in mixed HVDC transmission lines. The obtained results provide useful insights for insulation coordination and surge protection design, and are applicable to ongoing and planned HVDC projects in Korea that involve mixed overhead–underground transmission configurations.