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<p>The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) presents challenges to power grid stability and renewable energy utilization, especially under uncoordinated charging patterns. To address this, we propose a two-layer optimization strategy for EV charging and discharging that considers both the urgency of user charging needs and grid-oriented vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheduling. The upper layer minimizes user costs by optimizing charging schedules under time-varying electricity prices, while the lower layer reduces grid operational costs by enhancing the integration of renewable sources like wind and solar power. A key feature of our model is its inclusion of battery degradation costs associated with V2G participation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only significantly reduces charging costs for users by about 60% compared to uncoordinated charging, but also supports grid load balancing and improves the utilization of renewable energy. This study offers a practical and economically viable solution for coordinating large-scale EV-grid interactions.</p>

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Optimization of Charging and Discharging for Electric Vehicles Based On Charging Urgency and V2G Dispatching

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Yu-Han Kang,
  • Han-Qing Yang,
  • Tie-Shan Li,
  • Yue Long,
  • Zhen-Lei Chen

摘要

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) presents challenges to power grid stability and renewable energy utilization, especially under uncoordinated charging patterns. To address this, we propose a two-layer optimization strategy for EV charging and discharging that considers both the urgency of user charging needs and grid-oriented vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheduling. The upper layer minimizes user costs by optimizing charging schedules under time-varying electricity prices, while the lower layer reduces grid operational costs by enhancing the integration of renewable sources like wind and solar power. A key feature of our model is its inclusion of battery degradation costs associated with V2G participation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only significantly reduces charging costs for users by about 60% compared to uncoordinated charging, but also supports grid load balancing and improves the utilization of renewable energy. This study offers a practical and economically viable solution for coordinating large-scale EV-grid interactions.