<p>Body composition measurements are typically performed for health assessment. Ultrasound imaging has emerged as a preferred technique for assessing body composition owing to its accessibility, non-invasiveness, and ease of use. This review presents a summary of recent advancements in ultrasound-based body composition measurement techniques. First, the fundamental principles of ultrasound body composition measurement are briefly introduced. Next, methods based on ultrasound image analysis are discussed, followed by recent developments utilizing raw ultrasound signals. Finally, the challenges associated with these techniques and future research directions are examined.</p>