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<p>This paper proposes a split-spoke-type vernier PM in-wheel (SSVPM-IW) motor for potential direct-drive applications. The key of this study is to utilize a biased-magnet topology, aiming at achieving high torque density and low torque ripple. First, the harmonic distribution coefficient of the first frequency airgap harmonics is defined to achieve the purpose of synchronically designing the multiple harmonics related to the torque. In addition, the relationship between the coefficient and torque performance is derived. Then, the effects of the PM topology and modulator design of stator and rotor on the harmonic distribution coefficient are discussed in detail. At the same time, the corresponding torque performance are also analyzed. And, the performances of the SSVPM-IW motor are evaluated, including the back-EMF, airgap flux density, torque performances, and so on. Finally, the results verify the validation of design and analysis of the proposed SSVPM-IW motor.</p>

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Design and Analysis of a High Torque Density Split-Spoke-Type Vernier PM In-Wheel Motor Based on Biased-Magnet Topology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Yuting Zhou,
  • Zixuan Xiang,
  • Li Quan,
  • Feng Li,
  • Xiaoyong Zhu

摘要

This paper proposes a split-spoke-type vernier PM in-wheel (SSVPM-IW) motor for potential direct-drive applications. The key of this study is to utilize a biased-magnet topology, aiming at achieving high torque density and low torque ripple. First, the harmonic distribution coefficient of the first frequency airgap harmonics is defined to achieve the purpose of synchronically designing the multiple harmonics related to the torque. In addition, the relationship between the coefficient and torque performance is derived. Then, the effects of the PM topology and modulator design of stator and rotor on the harmonic distribution coefficient are discussed in detail. At the same time, the corresponding torque performance are also analyzed. And, the performances of the SSVPM-IW motor are evaluated, including the back-EMF, airgap flux density, torque performances, and so on. Finally, the results verify the validation of design and analysis of the proposed SSVPM-IW motor.