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<p>This paper proposes a novel Predictive Direct Torque Control with PWM (PDTC–PWM) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) using a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO). The proposed PDTC determines the effective voltage vectors by utilizing the zero-voltage vector to compensate for torque and flux reductions caused by the back electromotive force (back-EMF). A fixed voltage vector is first selected based on torque and flux indices, and an additional adjacent voltage vector is then chosen by comparing the predicted torque and flux error rates. The optimized switching times for the two effective voltage vectors and the zero-voltage vector are analytically calculated to minimize the torque and flux errors during the next sampling period. Furthermore, the PWM pattern in the proposed PDTC–PWM is designed by combining Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) and a Discontinuous PWM (DPWM) approach to reduce torque and flux ripples as well as switching losses. Since the performance of PDTC inherently depends on accurate motor parameters, an SMO-based back-EMF estimation is introduced to reduce parameter sensitivity and enhance robustness. The estimated back-EMF converges to compensate for parameter deviations effectively. The proposed PDTC–PWM for PMSM is validated through computer simulations and experimental tests using a 1.1-kW PMSM drive system. Both results confirm that the proposed method achieves improved torque and flux control performance under steady-state operation and parameter variation conditions, demonstrating its practical effectiveness and robustness.</p>

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The Predictive Torque Control with of PMSM Based on the Sliding Mode Observer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Sung Jun Kim,
  • Dong-Hee Lee

摘要

This paper proposes a novel Predictive Direct Torque Control with PWM (PDTC–PWM) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) using a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO). The proposed PDTC determines the effective voltage vectors by utilizing the zero-voltage vector to compensate for torque and flux reductions caused by the back electromotive force (back-EMF). A fixed voltage vector is first selected based on torque and flux indices, and an additional adjacent voltage vector is then chosen by comparing the predicted torque and flux error rates. The optimized switching times for the two effective voltage vectors and the zero-voltage vector are analytically calculated to minimize the torque and flux errors during the next sampling period. Furthermore, the PWM pattern in the proposed PDTC–PWM is designed by combining Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) and a Discontinuous PWM (DPWM) approach to reduce torque and flux ripples as well as switching losses. Since the performance of PDTC inherently depends on accurate motor parameters, an SMO-based back-EMF estimation is introduced to reduce parameter sensitivity and enhance robustness. The estimated back-EMF converges to compensate for parameter deviations effectively. The proposed PDTC–PWM for PMSM is validated through computer simulations and experimental tests using a 1.1-kW PMSM drive system. Both results confirm that the proposed method achieves improved torque and flux control performance under steady-state operation and parameter variation conditions, demonstrating its practical effectiveness and robustness.