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<p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>RKN infection reshapes maize rhizosphere microbiota at early growth stages.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p><i>Streptomyces</i> and <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> are enriched in RKN-infected rhizospheres.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p><i>Streptomyces</i> but not <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> shows nematode-antagonistic activity.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p><i>Streptomyces</i> combats RKN via nematicidal metabolites and JA pathway activation.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p><p>Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are major soil-borne pests that cause substantial agricultural losses globally. Biological control using microbial antagonists has emerged as a promising, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective strategy for RKN management. However, the diversity and mechanisms of nematode-antagonistic microbes in the rhizosphere remain insufficiently explored. Here, we systematically profiled the maize rhizosphere microbiome across developmental stages under <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> infestation and identified microbial taxa with potential nematode-suppressive activity. RKN infection significantly reshaped the rhizosphere with the strongest effects observed during the seedling and jointing stages. Among the taxa enriched in RKN-infected rhizospheres, <i>Streptomyces</i> and <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> emerged as core candidates. Functional assays revealed that <i>Streptomyces</i>, but not <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, exhibited strong nematode-antagonistic activity, reducing RKN gall formation from 75% to 31% compared to the control treatment. In particular, the effective <i>Streptomyces</i> strain suppressed RKN infection through dual mechanisms: the production of nematicidal metabolites and the activation of the maize jasmonic acid signaling pathway. These findings identify <i>Streptomyces</i> as a central component of the maize rhizosphere microbiome with dual modes of action against RKN, offering new opportunities for microbiome-informed nematode biocontrol and soil health management in sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Rhizosphere Streptomyces confers dual-mode resistance to root-knot nematodes through nematicidal metabolites and JA-mediated immunity in maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Xiaoxuan Zheng,
  • Guangcun Fan,
  • Weiqi Li,
  • Songcan Chen,
  • Jianming Xu,
  • Lingfei Hu

摘要

RKN infection reshapes maize rhizosphere microbiota at early growth stages.

Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium are enriched in RKN-infected rhizospheres.

Streptomyces but not Bradyrhizobium shows nematode-antagonistic activity.

Streptomyces combats RKN via nematicidal metabolites and JA pathway activation.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are major soil-borne pests that cause substantial agricultural losses globally. Biological control using microbial antagonists has emerged as a promising, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective strategy for RKN management. However, the diversity and mechanisms of nematode-antagonistic microbes in the rhizosphere remain insufficiently explored. Here, we systematically profiled the maize rhizosphere microbiome across developmental stages under Meloidogyne incognita infestation and identified microbial taxa with potential nematode-suppressive activity. RKN infection significantly reshaped the rhizosphere with the strongest effects observed during the seedling and jointing stages. Among the taxa enriched in RKN-infected rhizospheres, Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium emerged as core candidates. Functional assays revealed that Streptomyces, but not Bradyrhizobium, exhibited strong nematode-antagonistic activity, reducing RKN gall formation from 75% to 31% compared to the control treatment. In particular, the effective Streptomyces strain suppressed RKN infection through dual mechanisms: the production of nematicidal metabolites and the activation of the maize jasmonic acid signaling pathway. These findings identify Streptomyces as a central component of the maize rhizosphere microbiome with dual modes of action against RKN, offering new opportunities for microbiome-informed nematode biocontrol and soil health management in sustainable agriculture.