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<p>This study presents a comparative formability assessment of hot-rolled DD14 and cold-rolled DC04 steel sheets, focusing on the mechanical factors governing their plastic stability. An integrated experimental–numerical approach was employed to evaluate their anisotropic response. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the rolling direction to determine key formability indicators. The results demonstrate that DC04 steel exhibits superior deep-drawing capacity and plastic stability, supported by a higher strain-hardening exponent (<i>n</i> ≈ 0.30) and superior average anisotropy (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{r }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ≈ 1.11) compared to DD14 (<i>n</i> ≈ 0.27 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{r }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ≈ 0.97). Furthermore, the higher planar anisotropy ∆ r ≈ 0.58 of DC04 vs. 0.37 for DD14 highlights distinct differences in their directional plastic flow. These elevated n and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{r }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> values for DC04 facilitate a more uniform strain distribution and enhanced resistance to localized thinning. The plastic behavior was modeled using the Hill’48 yield criterion and validated via Abaqus/CAE simulations. The excellent agreement between the experimental data and numerical results, with relative errors below 6%, confirms the reliability of the identified parameters. This work provides a robust mechanical explanation for the superior formability of DC04 over DD14, establishing a technical basis for material selection to minimize failure risks in industrial forming operations.</p>

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Integrated Experimental–Numerical Investigation of DD14 and DC04 Steel Sheet Formability Based on Tensile Test Characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Faouzi Hamza,
  • Abdelmoumene Guedri,
  • Hamid Hamadache,
  • Mohammed Hadj Meliani

摘要

This study presents a comparative formability assessment of hot-rolled DD14 and cold-rolled DC04 steel sheets, focusing on the mechanical factors governing their plastic stability. An integrated experimental–numerical approach was employed to evaluate their anisotropic response. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the rolling direction to determine key formability indicators. The results demonstrate that DC04 steel exhibits superior deep-drawing capacity and plastic stability, supported by a higher strain-hardening exponent (n ≈ 0.30) and superior average anisotropy ( \(\overline{r }\) ≈ 1.11) compared to DD14 (n ≈ 0.27 and \(\overline{r }\) ≈ 0.97). Furthermore, the higher planar anisotropy ∆ r ≈ 0.58 of DC04 vs. 0.37 for DD14 highlights distinct differences in their directional plastic flow. These elevated n and \(\overline{r }\) values for DC04 facilitate a more uniform strain distribution and enhanced resistance to localized thinning. The plastic behavior was modeled using the Hill’48 yield criterion and validated via Abaqus/CAE simulations. The excellent agreement between the experimental data and numerical results, with relative errors below 6%, confirms the reliability of the identified parameters. This work provides a robust mechanical explanation for the superior formability of DC04 over DD14, establishing a technical basis for material selection to minimize failure risks in industrial forming operations.