Hybrid capacitive deionization system for short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal using activated carbon composite and Nafion-coated prussian blue electrodes
摘要
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are used in various industries due to their excellent thermal stability and chemical durability, have strong C-F bonds that are not easily degraded over time, causing them to accumulate in the human body and in the environment. Therefore, the development of PFAS treatment technology is emerging as an urgent issue, and PFAS regulations are being strengthened internationally. This study proposes an optimized hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) system using activated carbon composite and Nafion-coated Prussian blue (PB) electrodes for the effective removal of PFAS with short fluoroalkyl chains, such as perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS). It was found that the HCDI system exhibited higher deionization capacities (26.9 mg/g and 0.60 mg/cm²), corresponding to increases of 11.6% and 39.5% on a gravimetric and areal basis, respectively, compared with the ACDI system (24.1 mg/g and 0.43 mg/cm²). Moreover, HCDI consumed less energy (0.44 Wh/g) under the same conditions. This study aims to contribute to the development of sustainable water treatment technology for PFAS removal and the design of a breakthrough HCDI system using a Nafion-coated PB electrode.
Graphical abstract