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<p>Animal-derived foods (ADF) are carriers of toxin-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>S. aureus</i> strains, posing a global food safety risk. We evaluated the toxin and biofilm production capabilities of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from ADF marketed in Assam, India. Of the 138 staphylococcal isolates, 29 (21.01%) were identified as <i>S. aureus</i>, mostly isolated from raw milk. Resistance to chloramphenicol (13.79%), erythromycin (68.96%), penicillin (93.10%), enrofloxacin (20.68%), tetracycline (55.17%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20.68%), linezolid (6.89%), cefoxitin (55.17%), and oxacillin (48.27%) was noted. Approximately 82.75% isolates were MDR, whereas 27.58% carried <i>mecA</i> gene, indicating methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>. PCR toxinotyping revealed <i>pvl</i> (20.69%), <i>sea</i> (37.93%), and <i>sed</i> (17%) genes. Additionally, 6.89% isolates harbored <i>seb</i>, <i>sei</i>, and <i>tst</i> genes; all lacked <i>eta</i>,<i> etb</i>,<i> see</i>,<i> seg</i> genes. A significant difference (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) was observed in sea and <i>sei</i> genes across food sources. Biofilm-forming genes were detected as <i>icaA</i> (65.51%), <i>icaB</i> (34%), <i>icaC</i> (48.27%), <i>icaD</i> (27.58%), <i>clfA</i> (51.72%), clfB and <i>fnbA</i> (44.82%). At least one biofilm-associated gene was found in 72.41% of isolates, while two or more genes were present in 80.95%. Approximately 87.5% of <i>mecA</i>-positive isolates contained at least one biofilm-associated gene. A significant difference (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) was noted in <i>icaA</i>, <i>icaD</i>, <i>clfB</i>, and <i>fnbA</i> across the different ADF sources.</p>

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Enterotoxin and biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA isolates from animal source foods sold in Assam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Vishnu Raghavendran AV,
  • Zunjar Baburao Dubal,
  • Vinodh Kumar O.R,
  • Rahul Kolhe,
  • Himani Dhanze,
  • Shriya Rawat,
  • Rajiv Ranjan Kumar,
  • KN Viswas

摘要

Animal-derived foods (ADF) are carriers of toxin-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus strains, posing a global food safety risk. We evaluated the toxin and biofilm production capabilities of S. aureus isolates from ADF marketed in Assam, India. Of the 138 staphylococcal isolates, 29 (21.01%) were identified as S. aureus, mostly isolated from raw milk. Resistance to chloramphenicol (13.79%), erythromycin (68.96%), penicillin (93.10%), enrofloxacin (20.68%), tetracycline (55.17%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20.68%), linezolid (6.89%), cefoxitin (55.17%), and oxacillin (48.27%) was noted. Approximately 82.75% isolates were MDR, whereas 27.58% carried mecA gene, indicating methicillin-resistant S. aureus. PCR toxinotyping revealed pvl (20.69%), sea (37.93%), and sed (17%) genes. Additionally, 6.89% isolates harbored seb, sei, and tst genes; all lacked eta, etb, see, seg genes. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in sea and sei genes across food sources. Biofilm-forming genes were detected as icaA (65.51%), icaB (34%), icaC (48.27%), icaD (27.58%), clfA (51.72%), clfB and fnbA (44.82%). At least one biofilm-associated gene was found in 72.41% of isolates, while two or more genes were present in 80.95%. Approximately 87.5% of mecA-positive isolates contained at least one biofilm-associated gene. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted in icaA, icaD, clfB, and fnbA across the different ADF sources.