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<p>The textile industry is among the most rapidly expanding in Indonesia. The textile industry’s procedures produce significant effluent, including numerous heavy metals detrimental to the environment. Therefore, a solution to diminish the heavy metal content in the waste produced by the textile industry must be developed. This study focused on the synthesis of a kaolin–chitosan adsorbent for the removal of chromium Cr(VI) from wastewater, with specific relevance to textile effluent, where Cr(VI) may form through the oxidation of Cr(III) during bleaching, dye fixation, or oxidation treatment stages. It addresses the limited understanding of how kaolin–chitosan composition influences Cr(VI) adsorption performance. Kaolin–chitosan beads were synthesized at three composition ratios and evaluated across different Cr(VI) concentrations. Adsorption performance was evaluated using removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (mg/g). The findings indicated that kaolin–chitosan beads are effective in eliminating Cr(VI), achieving removal efficiencies between 11.85% and 99.56%, with adsorption capacities ranging from 1.117 to 5.047&#xa0;mg/g of adsorbent. The combination of kaolin and chitosan in the adsorbent enhanced both removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. The adsorbent formulation, including 25% chitosan and 75% kaolin, exhibited optimal performance in terms of removal efficiency and adsorption capacity for low to moderate feed concentrations ranging from 20 to 50&#xa0;mg/L. The adsorbent composition of 75% chitosan and 25% kaolin exhibited optimal performance in terms of removal efficiency and adsorption capacity at a high feed concentration of 80&#xa0;mg/L. The feed concentration significantly influenced the removal efficiency, with the best removal efficiency achieved at a low feed concentration of 20&#xa0;mg/L Cr(VI).</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable water purification using kaolin–chitosan beads: an eco-friendly alternative to toxic chromium treatments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Anita Kusuma Wardani,
  • Ni Nyoman Gita Murti,
  • Devina Valencia

摘要

The textile industry is among the most rapidly expanding in Indonesia. The textile industry’s procedures produce significant effluent, including numerous heavy metals detrimental to the environment. Therefore, a solution to diminish the heavy metal content in the waste produced by the textile industry must be developed. This study focused on the synthesis of a kaolin–chitosan adsorbent for the removal of chromium Cr(VI) from wastewater, with specific relevance to textile effluent, where Cr(VI) may form through the oxidation of Cr(III) during bleaching, dye fixation, or oxidation treatment stages. It addresses the limited understanding of how kaolin–chitosan composition influences Cr(VI) adsorption performance. Kaolin–chitosan beads were synthesized at three composition ratios and evaluated across different Cr(VI) concentrations. Adsorption performance was evaluated using removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (mg/g). The findings indicated that kaolin–chitosan beads are effective in eliminating Cr(VI), achieving removal efficiencies between 11.85% and 99.56%, with adsorption capacities ranging from 1.117 to 5.047 mg/g of adsorbent. The combination of kaolin and chitosan in the adsorbent enhanced both removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. The adsorbent formulation, including 25% chitosan and 75% kaolin, exhibited optimal performance in terms of removal efficiency and adsorption capacity for low to moderate feed concentrations ranging from 20 to 50 mg/L. The adsorbent composition of 75% chitosan and 25% kaolin exhibited optimal performance in terms of removal efficiency and adsorption capacity at a high feed concentration of 80 mg/L. The feed concentration significantly influenced the removal efficiency, with the best removal efficiency achieved at a low feed concentration of 20 mg/L Cr(VI).

Graphical abstract