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<p>This study presents an optimized methodology for transforming agricultural residues (maize husks, cobs, straws, spathes, and cassava waste) into energy briquettes. Ten types of briquettes were produced by varying residue proportions and applying pyrolysis (400–600 °C) with a 10% clay binder. The carbonized material was crushed, sieved, mixed with binder, molded, and sun-dried for 48&#xa0;h. Physicochemical properties (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon) and mechanical properties (compressive strength and friability) were evaluated. Maize-based briquettes demonstrated superior calorific values (3800–4800&#xa0;kcal/kg), lower moisture content (6%–12%), and higher fixed carbon (up to 25%) compared to cassava-based and mixed briquettes. A high ash content (15%–22%) was observed due to the clay binder, and compressive strength remained consistently below 10&#xa0;MPa, indicating areas for improvement. Statistical modeling using Minitab software identified optimal conditions: a moisture content of 6% and a fixed carbon content of 25% could yield a maximum calorific value of 5468.18&#xa0;kcal/kg. These findings underscore the potential of agricultural waste briquettes as a sustainable energy source, while also highlighting the need for further optimization in binder selection and mechanical performance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimizing calorific value of energy briquettes from agricultural biomass: a novel approach utilizing maize and cassava residues

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Jacques Romain Njimou,
  • Grâce Murielle Ngami Danga,
  • Musongo Balike,
  • Zara Haman,
  • Esther Maurelle Ngouyamnsa-Ghenmi,
  • Rives Mallet Tcheulo Njike,
  • Oben Bessem Genola,
  • André Talla,
  • Nkeng George Elambo

摘要

This study presents an optimized methodology for transforming agricultural residues (maize husks, cobs, straws, spathes, and cassava waste) into energy briquettes. Ten types of briquettes were produced by varying residue proportions and applying pyrolysis (400–600 °C) with a 10% clay binder. The carbonized material was crushed, sieved, mixed with binder, molded, and sun-dried for 48 h. Physicochemical properties (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon) and mechanical properties (compressive strength and friability) were evaluated. Maize-based briquettes demonstrated superior calorific values (3800–4800 kcal/kg), lower moisture content (6%–12%), and higher fixed carbon (up to 25%) compared to cassava-based and mixed briquettes. A high ash content (15%–22%) was observed due to the clay binder, and compressive strength remained consistently below 10 MPa, indicating areas for improvement. Statistical modeling using Minitab software identified optimal conditions: a moisture content of 6% and a fixed carbon content of 25% could yield a maximum calorific value of 5468.18 kcal/kg. These findings underscore the potential of agricultural waste briquettes as a sustainable energy source, while also highlighting the need for further optimization in binder selection and mechanical performance.

Graphical abstract