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<p>Most developing countries commonly dispose of solid waste fractions in open dumps and landfills. This study analysed the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) at a dumpsite in Thailand, where plastic waste constituted 35%–62% of excavated waste across different sampling depths. Excavated plastic waste was classified by resin codes, with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) dominating 86% of plastic waste from 2012 to 2014 and decreasing to 43% in 2019. The analysis revealed that unbranded single-layer packaging predominated, with branded plastics increasing from 4% to 6% (2012, 2013, and 2014) to 17% (2019). Dumpsite mining operations at the Pathum Thani site produced approximately 100 t of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) per day, generating revenue of 800–1200 THB per ton. However, the process also generated 40–50 t of residual waste daily, consisting of soil-like material mixed with plastic waste (20% plastics, 35% combustible fractions, and the remaining mainly soil type materials). These residues failed Thai compost standards due to high electrical conductivity (8.2 dS/cm vs. standard ≤3.5 dS/cm) and low germination index (4.43% vs. standard ≥80.00%). Recommendations include adjusting the moisture content of input waste and modifying sieve sizes to improve output quality, with approximately 50% of soil fractions potentially recoverable through screening at &lt;12.5&#xa0;mm. The study estimates total plastic waste in the dumpsite to be 36559.79 t, with a potential revenue of 35 million THB if fully processed. The implementation of site-specific management studies, promotion of dumpsite mining, reduction of unbranded plastics consumption, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies are crucial for achieving circularity of plastic waste fractions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Plastic waste and residual waste management: a case study of the Pathum Thani dumpsite in Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Pawan Kumar Srikanth,
  • Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon,
  • Chettiyappan Visvanathan

摘要

Most developing countries commonly dispose of solid waste fractions in open dumps and landfills. This study analysed the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) at a dumpsite in Thailand, where plastic waste constituted 35%–62% of excavated waste across different sampling depths. Excavated plastic waste was classified by resin codes, with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) dominating 86% of plastic waste from 2012 to 2014 and decreasing to 43% in 2019. The analysis revealed that unbranded single-layer packaging predominated, with branded plastics increasing from 4% to 6% (2012, 2013, and 2014) to 17% (2019). Dumpsite mining operations at the Pathum Thani site produced approximately 100 t of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) per day, generating revenue of 800–1200 THB per ton. However, the process also generated 40–50 t of residual waste daily, consisting of soil-like material mixed with plastic waste (20% plastics, 35% combustible fractions, and the remaining mainly soil type materials). These residues failed Thai compost standards due to high electrical conductivity (8.2 dS/cm vs. standard ≤3.5 dS/cm) and low germination index (4.43% vs. standard ≥80.00%). Recommendations include adjusting the moisture content of input waste and modifying sieve sizes to improve output quality, with approximately 50% of soil fractions potentially recoverable through screening at <12.5 mm. The study estimates total plastic waste in the dumpsite to be 36559.79 t, with a potential revenue of 35 million THB if fully processed. The implementation of site-specific management studies, promotion of dumpsite mining, reduction of unbranded plastics consumption, and extended producer responsibility (EPR) policies are crucial for achieving circularity of plastic waste fractions.

Graphical abstract