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<p>Spider silk is an archetypal high-performance protein fiber that combines outstanding toughness with biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the large-scale harvesting of native spidroins remains impractical. Recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSPs) offer a scalable and engineerable alternative to access spidroin-inspired building blocks with tunable sequences, modular architectures, and biofunctionality. Here, we review current rSSP production platforms. From a fiber-centric perspective, we summarize how key processing parameters—such as dope formulation, shear/elongational flow, ion–pH gradients, and post-drawing—govern self-assembly. We explain how these secondary-structure transitions ultimately dictate the hierarchical microstructure and mechanical performance of the fibers. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in the bioinspired spinning of rSSP fibers and the expansion into fiber-derived formats (e.g., nonwovens, membranes, hydrogels, particles, and porous scaffolds) that leverage textile manufacturability and interfacial design for biomedical applications. Representative applications are systematically categorized into three parallel domains: surgical closures and wound dressings, controlled drug-delivery systems, and tissue engineering, where distinct rSSP architectures and functionalities are explicitly tailored to the regenerative demands of specific organs. Finally, we outline key challenges for translation, including high-yield production of high-molecular-weight spidroins, robust structure–property–function profiling, sterilization stability, and pathways toward scalable manufacturing. Ultimately, this review aims to bridge molecular design, fiber processing, and the biomedical implementation of rSSP-based materials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Schematic overview of spider silk types and representative spidroins, the recombinant production of recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSPs) in representative host systems, and their spinning/processing into fibers and fiber-derived material formats for emerging biomedical applications.</p> <p></p>

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Recombinant Spider Silk Protein-Based Fibers for Biomedicine: Spinning, Structure–Property Relationships, and Emerging Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Yin Du,
  • Zhenlin Yang,
  • Ke Yi,
  • Lin Wang,
  • Zhonghuai Xiang,
  • Fangyin Dai,
  • Dingpei Long,
  • Subhas C. Kundu

摘要

Spider silk is an archetypal high-performance protein fiber that combines outstanding toughness with biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the large-scale harvesting of native spidroins remains impractical. Recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSPs) offer a scalable and engineerable alternative to access spidroin-inspired building blocks with tunable sequences, modular architectures, and biofunctionality. Here, we review current rSSP production platforms. From a fiber-centric perspective, we summarize how key processing parameters—such as dope formulation, shear/elongational flow, ion–pH gradients, and post-drawing—govern self-assembly. We explain how these secondary-structure transitions ultimately dictate the hierarchical microstructure and mechanical performance of the fibers. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in the bioinspired spinning of rSSP fibers and the expansion into fiber-derived formats (e.g., nonwovens, membranes, hydrogels, particles, and porous scaffolds) that leverage textile manufacturability and interfacial design for biomedical applications. Representative applications are systematically categorized into three parallel domains: surgical closures and wound dressings, controlled drug-delivery systems, and tissue engineering, where distinct rSSP architectures and functionalities are explicitly tailored to the regenerative demands of specific organs. Finally, we outline key challenges for translation, including high-yield production of high-molecular-weight spidroins, robust structure–property–function profiling, sterilization stability, and pathways toward scalable manufacturing. Ultimately, this review aims to bridge molecular design, fiber processing, and the biomedical implementation of rSSP-based materials.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic overview of spider silk types and representative spidroins, the recombinant production of recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSPs) in representative host systems, and their spinning/processing into fibers and fiber-derived material formats for emerging biomedical applications.