A Smart Fibrous Platform with a Gradient Hierarchical Structure for Wound Exudate Management and Real-time Spatial pH Monitoring
摘要
Wound treatment is a major global clinical challenge associated with substantial economic burden and a negative impact on patient quality. The clinical translation of advanced wound dressings is hindered by fabrication complexity for exudate control and the inadequacy of single-point sensors. Here, a smart fibrous platform consisting of a fibrous membrane and a wireless five-channel optoelectronic circuit was proposed for directional exudate transport, real-time spatial pH monitoring, and wound-healing promotion. Inspired by vascular plants, the gradient hierarchically designed fibrous membrane composed of polycaprolactone, collagen, and anthocyanin was fabricated through a single-solution continuous electrospinning process by adjusting spinning flow rate and driving directional exudate transport from the wound to the exterior. The anthocyanin color changes were converted to voltage by a wireless five-channel optoelectronic circuit, enabling spatial pH monitoring in the pH range of 3–11 with a sensitivity of 37 mV/pH and allowing for the early detection of wound infection by capturing its unique early peripheral alkalinization. The platform also demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility with potent antibacterial efficacy (> 97%). In vivo assays and histopathological studies suggest that the platform accelerates wound closure by about 17.5% over commercial gauze while promoting collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and inflammatory factors expression reduction. By unifying an engineered exudate management mechanism with spatially resolved diagnostics and bioactive therapy, this work offers a new paradigm for the rational design of intelligent wound care platforms.
Graphical Abstract