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<p>Anthesis-silking interval (ASI) is the temporal gap between pollen shedding and silk emergence serves as a critical determinant of reproductive synchrony and grain yield in maize. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat and waterlogging have significant effect on ASI by delaying silk emergence, thereby reducing yield. Under stress, physiological responses including reduced photosynthetic capacity, assimilate partitioning, impaired plant water extended ASI. While molecular advances have elucidated how abiotic stresses regulate ASI by modulating stress-responsive gene expression and signalling pathways that control silk elongation, ear development and flowering time. Furthermore, progress in high-throughput phenotyping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, linkage mapping, meta- QTL analysis and large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) or nested association mapping (NAM) analyses has identified numerous QTLs for ASI with small proportion of phenotypic variance explained. This comprehensive review synthesizes physiological, molecular and breeding advances related to ASI and its plasticity and highlights strategies to exploit this integrative trait for the development of climate-resilient, high yielding maize hybrids.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Deciphering the Role of Molecular, Breeding Advances, Abiotic Stress and Agronomic Manipulations on Synchronizing Anthesis and Silking in Maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • M. Baladeephana,
  • P. Kathirvelan,
  • P.M. Shanmugam,
  • M. Djanaguiraman,
  • V. Veeranan,
  • Arun Giridhari,
  • Gourav Sabharwal

摘要

Anthesis-silking interval (ASI) is the temporal gap between pollen shedding and silk emergence serves as a critical determinant of reproductive synchrony and grain yield in maize. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat and waterlogging have significant effect on ASI by delaying silk emergence, thereby reducing yield. Under stress, physiological responses including reduced photosynthetic capacity, assimilate partitioning, impaired plant water extended ASI. While molecular advances have elucidated how abiotic stresses regulate ASI by modulating stress-responsive gene expression and signalling pathways that control silk elongation, ear development and flowering time. Furthermore, progress in high-throughput phenotyping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, linkage mapping, meta- QTL analysis and large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) or nested association mapping (NAM) analyses has identified numerous QTLs for ASI with small proportion of phenotypic variance explained. This comprehensive review synthesizes physiological, molecular and breeding advances related to ASI and its plasticity and highlights strategies to exploit this integrative trait for the development of climate-resilient, high yielding maize hybrids.

Graphical Abstract