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<p>As a key biostimulant, humic acids improve soil properties and directly regulate root development. However, sustainable sourcing remains challenging, and raw material effects on efficacy stay unclear. We hypothesized that compared to conventional plant-source humic acid and untreated control, microbial and mixed-source preparations would differentially affect tomato root and seedling growth by altering soil organic matter dynamics and nutrient availability. This study investigated the effects of microbial-derived humic acid (MHA), plant-derived humic acid (PHA), and microbial-plant-derived mixed humic acid (MPHA) on soil physical and chemical properties and tomato seedling growth, with distilled water as the control group (CK). All three humic acids improved soil physicochemical properties: MHA enhanced nitrate nitrogen by 67.20% vs. CK; PHA raised organic carbon by 62.10%; MPHA elevated organic carbon, available phosphorus and NaHCO₃-extractable inorganic phosphorus by 64.65%, 97.73% and 43.71%, respectively. They all promoted tomato seedling root growth, biomass and root activity, with MPHA performing best, increasing root volume, tip number, branch number and overlap number by 87.62%, 160.96%, 69.87% and 122.38% vs. CK. Correlation analysis showed soil properties and root traits had different relationships across treatments. In summary, humic acids from various raw materials promoted tomato seedling growth by improving soil properties, with MPHA exhibiting optimal efficacy—thereby validating the hypothesis. This study clarifies the differential effects of humic acid sources and provides novel insights for material selection and process optimization, while demonstrating enhanced resource sustainability and practical applicability.</p>

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The Effect of Humic Acid From Different Raw Materials on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Tomato Seedling Growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Lanjing Long,
  • Liqin Zhao,
  • Xiangjun Chen,
  • Zhicheng Liu,
  • Xue Chen,
  • Bowen Fan,
  • Fengjun Yang

摘要

As a key biostimulant, humic acids improve soil properties and directly regulate root development. However, sustainable sourcing remains challenging, and raw material effects on efficacy stay unclear. We hypothesized that compared to conventional plant-source humic acid and untreated control, microbial and mixed-source preparations would differentially affect tomato root and seedling growth by altering soil organic matter dynamics and nutrient availability. This study investigated the effects of microbial-derived humic acid (MHA), plant-derived humic acid (PHA), and microbial-plant-derived mixed humic acid (MPHA) on soil physical and chemical properties and tomato seedling growth, with distilled water as the control group (CK). All three humic acids improved soil physicochemical properties: MHA enhanced nitrate nitrogen by 67.20% vs. CK; PHA raised organic carbon by 62.10%; MPHA elevated organic carbon, available phosphorus and NaHCO₃-extractable inorganic phosphorus by 64.65%, 97.73% and 43.71%, respectively. They all promoted tomato seedling root growth, biomass and root activity, with MPHA performing best, increasing root volume, tip number, branch number and overlap number by 87.62%, 160.96%, 69.87% and 122.38% vs. CK. Correlation analysis showed soil properties and root traits had different relationships across treatments. In summary, humic acids from various raw materials promoted tomato seedling growth by improving soil properties, with MPHA exhibiting optimal efficacy—thereby validating the hypothesis. This study clarifies the differential effects of humic acid sources and provides novel insights for material selection and process optimization, while demonstrating enhanced resource sustainability and practical applicability.